Taxonomia, interação patógeno-hospedeiro, estudo fitossanitário e denematização de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras
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Data
2008-12-12
Autores
Favoreto, Luciany [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foi objetivo desta pesquisa: 1) Quantificar a população de nematóides e fungos em amostras de sementes procedentes dos principais Estados produtores do Brasil; 2) Estudar a taxonomia dos nematóides; 3) Estudar o processo de infecção de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha por nematóides; 4) Avaliar a eficácia da irradiação com 60Co e do tratamento químico para o controle dos nematóides. Amostras de 237 lotes de sementes de diferentes gramíneas forrageiras foram examinadas nos Laboratórios de Nematologia e de Fitossanidade da UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, quanto à ocorrência de fungos e nematóides. No tratamento químico, usouse um lote de sementes infectadas por 1.350 Aphelenchoides sp. por 10 g. As sementes foram tratadas com doses de diferentes produtos, e como testemunha usaram-se sementes não-tratadas do mesmo lote. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em duas regiões distintas. Para irradiação, empregaram-se doses de 60Co, no Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Piracicaba – SP, sendo que 160 g de sementes de B. brizantha foram irradiadas com a taxa de dose de 186,8 Gy/h. Em outro experimento, 10 g de sementes de B. brizantha, isentas de nematóide, foram colocadas em gerbox, sobre areia autoclavada. Em seguida, foram inoculados 10 mL de uma suspensão contendo 3.000 indivíduos de Aphelenchoides sexlineatus (partenogenética). Os tratamentos tanto químico quanto com 60Co demonstraram não ter efeito sobre a população do nematóide. Confirmou-se, neste estudo, que os nematóides infectam as sementes após elas caírem no solo. Nematóides e fungos são encontrados infectando sementes de diferentes espécies forrageiras.
It was the objective of this study: 1) To quantify the population of nematodes and fungi in samples of seeds from the main producer states of Brazil, 2) study the taxonomy of nematodes, 3) To study the process of infection of seeds of tropical grasses by nematodes, 4) Evaluate the effectiveness of irradiation with 60Co and chemical treatment to control nematodes. Samples of 237 seed lots of different grasses were examined in the Nematologia and Fitopatologia laboratory of UNESP / FCAV, from Jaboticabal Câmpus as the occurrence of fungi and nematodes. In the chemical treatment, used to a lot of seeds infected by 1350 Aphelenchoides sp. for 10 g. The seeds were treated with doses of different products and used it as a witness if untreated seeds from the same batch. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in two separate regions. For irradiation, using doses of 60Co, in the Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA) Piracicaba - SP, of which 160 g of seeds of B. brizantha were irradiated with a dose rate of 186.8 Gy / h. In another experiment, 10 g of seeds of B. brizantha, free of nematode, were placed in gerbox on autoclaved sand. It was then inoculated 10 mL of a suspension containing 3000 specimens of Aphelenchoides sexlineatus. The both treatments, chemist and with 60Co showed no effect on the nematode population. It was confirmed in this study that the nematodes infect the seeds after they fall on the ground. Nematodes and fungi are found infected seeds of different forage species.
It was the objective of this study: 1) To quantify the population of nematodes and fungi in samples of seeds from the main producer states of Brazil, 2) study the taxonomy of nematodes, 3) To study the process of infection of seeds of tropical grasses by nematodes, 4) Evaluate the effectiveness of irradiation with 60Co and chemical treatment to control nematodes. Samples of 237 seed lots of different grasses were examined in the Nematologia and Fitopatologia laboratory of UNESP / FCAV, from Jaboticabal Câmpus as the occurrence of fungi and nematodes. In the chemical treatment, used to a lot of seeds infected by 1350 Aphelenchoides sp. for 10 g. The seeds were treated with doses of different products and used it as a witness if untreated seeds from the same batch. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in two separate regions. For irradiation, using doses of 60Co, in the Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA) Piracicaba - SP, of which 160 g of seeds of B. brizantha were irradiated with a dose rate of 186.8 Gy / h. In another experiment, 10 g of seeds of B. brizantha, free of nematode, were placed in gerbox on autoclaved sand. It was then inoculated 10 mL of a suspension containing 3000 specimens of Aphelenchoides sexlineatus. The both treatments, chemist and with 60Co showed no effect on the nematode population. It was confirmed in this study that the nematodes infect the seeds after they fall on the ground. Nematodes and fungi are found infected seeds of different forage species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Phytonematodes, Irradiated seeds, Sementes, Gramíneas forrageiras, Nematódes, Brachiaria sp., Aphelenchoides sp, Ditylenchus sp, Fitonematóides
Como citar
FAVORETO, Luciany. Taxonomia, interação patógeno-hospedeiro, estudo fitossanitário e denematização de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras. 2008. xii, 53 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2008.