Propriedades químicas e farmacológica da apocinina, vanilina e ácido vanílico
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Data
2013-04-04
Autores
Castor, Lidyane Regina Gomes [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Apocinina é o mais empregado inibidor de NADPH oxidase, um complexo multienzimático capaz de catalisar a redução unieletrônica do oxigênio molecular ao radical ânion superóxido. Apesar de controvérsias sobre sua seletividade, a apocinina tem sido utilizada como um das mais promissoras drogas em diversos modelos experimentais de inflamação. Neste estudo nosso objetivo foi caracterizar as características antioxidantes, pró-oxidantes e antinociceptivas da apocinina e dos compostos estruturalmente relacionados vanilina e ácido vanílico. Descobrimos que estes compostos são relativamente fracos como antioxidantes. Por outro lado, a apocinina e a vanilina, mas não o ácido vanílico mostraram significativas características pró-oxidantes. No que diz respeito aos efitos antinociceptivos em ratos, a administração oral de 100 mg/Kg de apocinina, vanilina e ácido vanílico, uma hora antes dos testes, foi capaz de reduzir significativamente o edema da pata provocada por carragenina e a dor no teste de formalina (fase inflamatória) A apocinina foi também capaz de reduzir o efeito nociceptivo induzido por capsaicina, cinamaldeído, mentol e glutamato. Utilizando antagonistas específicos, descobrimos que a via serotonérgica, mas não a via mediada por óxido nítrico está envolvida no mecanismo de antinocicepção da apocinina. Concluímos que não há relação entre as propriedades antioxidantes, pró-oxidantes, inibição de NADPH oxidase e os efeitos antinociceptivos estudados. Assim, os efeitos farmacológicos obtidos para a apocinina é uma confirmação de que este composto fitoquímico é muito mais do que um inibidor de NADPH oxidase. Estudos adicionais deverão ser realizados, mas as propriedades antiinflamatórias e antinociceptivas obtidas neste trabalho e os efeitos já descritos na literatura é um indicativo que esta molécula simples e barata se tornará um real anti-inflamatório e/o analgésico
Apocynin is the most employed inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, a multienzymatic complex capable of catalyzing the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to the superoxide anion. Despite controversies about its selectivity, apocynin has been used as one of the most promising drugs in several experimental models of inflammatory diseases. In this study our aim was to characterize the antioxidant, pro-oxidant and antinociceptive properties of apocynin and the structurally-related compounds vanillin and vanillic acid. We found that apocynin, vanillin and vanillic acid are poor antioxidants. Conversely, apocynin and vanillin, but not vanillic acid, showed significant pro-oxidant characteristics. Regarding antinociceptive effects in rats, the oral administration of 100 mg/Kg of apocynin, vanillin and vanillic, one hour before the tests, was able to reduce significantly the paw edema pain provoked by carrageenan and the pain in the formalin test (inflammatory phase). Apocynin was also able to reduce the nociceptive effect induced by capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, menthol and glutamate. By using specific antagonists, we found that serotonergic, but not the nitric oxide pathway seems to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of apocynin. In conclusion, there is no relationship between antioxidant, pro-oxidant, inhibition of NADPH oxidase and the antinociception effects observed in these studies. Hence, the pharmacological effects obtained for apocynin is a confirmation that this phytochemical is much more than an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Additional studies must be done, but the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of apocynin obtained in this work and the effects described in the literature are indicative that this simple and inexpensive molecule will become a real anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs
Apocynin is the most employed inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, a multienzymatic complex capable of catalyzing the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to the superoxide anion. Despite controversies about its selectivity, apocynin has been used as one of the most promising drugs in several experimental models of inflammatory diseases. In this study our aim was to characterize the antioxidant, pro-oxidant and antinociceptive properties of apocynin and the structurally-related compounds vanillin and vanillic acid. We found that apocynin, vanillin and vanillic acid are poor antioxidants. Conversely, apocynin and vanillin, but not vanillic acid, showed significant pro-oxidant characteristics. Regarding antinociceptive effects in rats, the oral administration of 100 mg/Kg of apocynin, vanillin and vanillic, one hour before the tests, was able to reduce significantly the paw edema pain provoked by carrageenan and the pain in the formalin test (inflammatory phase). Apocynin was also able to reduce the nociceptive effect induced by capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, menthol and glutamate. By using specific antagonists, we found that serotonergic, but not the nitric oxide pathway seems to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of apocynin. In conclusion, there is no relationship between antioxidant, pro-oxidant, inhibition of NADPH oxidase and the antinociception effects observed in these studies. Hence, the pharmacological effects obtained for apocynin is a confirmation that this phytochemical is much more than an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Additional studies must be done, but the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of apocynin obtained in this work and the effects described in the literature are indicative that this simple and inexpensive molecule will become a real anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Farmacologia, Inflamação, Antioxidantes, Inibidores quimicos, Dor, Pharmacology
Como citar
CASTOR, Lidyane Regina Gomes. Propriedades químicas e farmacológica da apocinina, vanilina e ácido vanílico. 2013. 131 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2013.