Mapeamento cromossômico comparativo em peixes ciclícos utilizando sequências repetitivas de DNA
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Data
2009-07-30
Autores
Ferreira, Irani Alves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A família Cichlidae tem despertado um grande interesse científico devido à rápida e extensa radiação adaptativa sofrida em alguns de seus grupos e por conter espécies com grande potencial para a aqüicultura, como a tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus. O mapeamento físico cromossômico mostra-se promissor como ferramenta para os estudos comparativos e evolutivos entre diferentes espécies. Diante disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar mapeamento cromossômico comparativo em ciclídeos utilizando seqüências repetitivas de DNA como sondas. Elementos transponíveis, DNA satélite e seqüências repetidas inseridas em BACs foram utilizados como sondas, através da técnica de FISH, em espécies de ciclídeos africanos e sul-americanos. Os retrotransposons Rex localizaram-se principalmente nas regiões centroméricas de espécies africanas e sul-americanas, com exceção de O. niloticus que demonstrou um padrão de localização disperso destes elementos. O acúmulo de Rex nos centrômeros destas espécies é coincidente com as regiões heterocromáticas, que representam um refúgio para seqüências repetitivas, devido à baixa taxa de recombinação. O DNA satélite SATA hibridou nos centrômeros de todas as espécies analisadas. Esta conservação centromérica mostra um papel importante destas seqüências na organização estrutural e funcional destas regiões nas diferentes espécies. Além disto, em O. karongae, foram observados sinais intersticiais em três pares cromossômicos, corroborando a hipótese de fusões cromossômicas que levaram à redução do número diplóide nesta espécie. O elemento transponível ROn-1 localizou-se intersticialmente no braço longo do par maior de O. niloticus e em posição próxima ao telômero também no braço longo do par meta-submetacêntrico (m/sm) maior dos haplocromíneos e hemicromíneos...
The Cichlidae family is one of the most species-rich families of fishes. This family has attracted the attention of the evolutionary biologists due the rapid radiation occurred in some species. Moreover, some cichlid species are important for the world aquaculture, such as Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The chromosome mapping is useful for comparative and evolutionary studies among different species. To further understand the mechanisms of chromosome evolution in cichlids, repeated sequences were used for the comparative chromosome mapping in cichlid species. Probes containing the transposable elements (TEs) Rex1, Rex3, Rex6 and ROn-1, the SATA satellite DNA, and a BAC-clone enriched of several types of repeated DNAs were used through FISH in the chromosomes of African and South-American cichlids. The TEs Rex were mainly distributed in the centromeric region of all chromosomes in all cichlids, with the exception of O. niloticus, that presented TEs distributed overall in the chromosome arms. The localization of TEs Rex are in coincidence with heterochromatic regions, which can represent an perfect environment for the accumulation of repeated sequences. The satellite DNA was mapped in the centromeres of all cichlid species. The maintenance and centromeric distribution of the SATA satellite DNA in African cichlids suggest that this sequence can play an important role in the organization and function of the centromere in these species. Moreover, in O. karongae, the SATA have shown interstitial signals in three chromosome pairs, corroborating that chromosome fusions were involved in the reduction of diploid number in this species. The transposable element ROn-1 was localized in just one cluster in the largest chromosome of African cichlids, but in different positions, suggesting that different chromosomal rearrangements could have occurred in the origin of the largest chromosomes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The Cichlidae family is one of the most species-rich families of fishes. This family has attracted the attention of the evolutionary biologists due the rapid radiation occurred in some species. Moreover, some cichlid species are important for the world aquaculture, such as Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The chromosome mapping is useful for comparative and evolutionary studies among different species. To further understand the mechanisms of chromosome evolution in cichlids, repeated sequences were used for the comparative chromosome mapping in cichlid species. Probes containing the transposable elements (TEs) Rex1, Rex3, Rex6 and ROn-1, the SATA satellite DNA, and a BAC-clone enriched of several types of repeated DNAs were used through FISH in the chromosomes of African and South-American cichlids. The TEs Rex were mainly distributed in the centromeric region of all chromosomes in all cichlids, with the exception of O. niloticus, that presented TEs distributed overall in the chromosome arms. The localization of TEs Rex are in coincidence with heterochromatic regions, which can represent an perfect environment for the accumulation of repeated sequences. The satellite DNA was mapped in the centromeres of all cichlid species. The maintenance and centromeric distribution of the SATA satellite DNA in African cichlids suggest that this sequence can play an important role in the organization and function of the centromere in these species. Moreover, in O. karongae, the SATA have shown interstitial signals in three chromosome pairs, corroborating that chromosome fusions were involved in the reduction of diploid number in this species. The transposable element ROn-1 was localized in just one cluster in the largest chromosome of African cichlids, but in different positions, suggesting that different chromosomal rearrangements could have occurred in the origin of the largest chromosomes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peixe - Genetica, Mapeamento cromossômico, Chromosomal mapping
Como citar
FERREIRA, Irani Alves. Mapeamento cromossômico comparativo em peixes ciclícos utilizando sequências repetitivas de DNA. 2009. 99 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2009.