Ponto de mérito de família, parâmetros genéticos e identificação de genitores masculinos em policruzamentos de cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2011-12-12
Autores
Xavier, Mauro Alexandre [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os programas de melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar buscam desenvolver novos métodos e estratégias de seleção nas fases iniciais. Dentro deste contexto com o objetivo de ampliar a eficiência dos processos de identificação de genótipos e famílias superiores de cana-de-açúcar, foi proposto um Ponto de Mérito de Família (PMF), que considera as médias e os desvios padrões para cada família. As avaliações identificaram genótipos selecionados que apresentam ganhos médios de três pontos de Brix e identificou sete famílias com correlação positiva para TCH e Brix. Possibilitaram também a seleção de 69 genótipos com PMF mínimo acima de 169,20 toneladas de colmos.hectare-1 e 18,01 de Brix, avaliados em ciclo de cana soca aos 10 meses de idade fisiológica no mês de fevereiro. Quanto aos parâmetros genéticos, tanto as amplitudes de predição (2,98% Brix e 32,72 TCH) quanto às estimativas da herdabilidade média entre famílias para TCH e Brix (0,64 e 0,86) indicaram possibilidade de explorar eficientemente a seleção entre e dentro das famílias. O atributo biométrico mais associado ao componente de produção TCH e Biomassa foi o número de colmos, apresentando valores de 0,79 e 0,85, respectivamente. Dos 69 genótipos superiores para TCH e Brix selecionados pelo PMF, 49 foram originados de policruzamentos, dos quais 73% tiveram a identificação do parental masculino reveladas pela utilização de marcadores microssatélites, o que permitirá repetir combinações que provavelmente aumentam as chances de ocorrência de genótipos superiores
The sugar cane crop breeding programs in Brazil search developing new methods and strategies of selection in the initial phases. In this context, with the objective of increase the efficient of the process of superior sugar cane genotypes and families identification, it was proposed the Family Merit Point (FMP) that considers the means and the standard deviations to each evaluated family. With the evaluations were possible identified genotypes with mean of gains in order to increase three points to Brix and were identified too, seven families with positive correlation to TSH and Brix. It was possible also the selection of 69 genotypes with minimum FMP over 169.20 tons of sugar cane per hectare and 18.01% of Brix, both evaluated in ratoon sugar cane cycle with ten physiologic months old on February. Regarding the genetic parameters, both the prediction ranges (2.98% Brix and 32.72 TSH) as the mean heritabilities estimations between families to TSH and Brix (0.64 and 0.86) have indicating the possibility to explore efficiently the selection within and between families. The biometric feature more associated to the production components TSH and biomass was the number of the stalks, showing values of 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. From 69 superiors genotypes to TSH and Brix selected by FMP, 49 were obtained from policross, which 73% had a male parenthood identified by microsatellites markers, that will allow the repetition of those crosses and may increasing the chance of occurring superiors genotypes
The sugar cane crop breeding programs in Brazil search developing new methods and strategies of selection in the initial phases. In this context, with the objective of increase the efficient of the process of superior sugar cane genotypes and families identification, it was proposed the Family Merit Point (FMP) that considers the means and the standard deviations to each evaluated family. With the evaluations were possible identified genotypes with mean of gains in order to increase three points to Brix and were identified too, seven families with positive correlation to TSH and Brix. It was possible also the selection of 69 genotypes with minimum FMP over 169.20 tons of sugar cane per hectare and 18.01% of Brix, both evaluated in ratoon sugar cane cycle with ten physiologic months old on February. Regarding the genetic parameters, both the prediction ranges (2.98% Brix and 32.72 TSH) as the mean heritabilities estimations between families to TSH and Brix (0.64 and 0.86) have indicating the possibility to explore efficiently the selection within and between families. The biometric feature more associated to the production components TSH and biomass was the number of the stalks, showing values of 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. From 69 superiors genotypes to TSH and Brix selected by FMP, 49 were obtained from policross, which 73% had a male parenthood identified by microsatellites markers, that will allow the repetition of those crosses and may increasing the chance of occurring superiors genotypes
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Marcadores biologicos, Cana-de-açúcar - Melhoramento genético, Sugar cane - Crop breeding, Crop breeding
Como citar
XAVIER, Mauro Alexandre. Ponto de mérito de família, parâmetros genéticos e identificação de genitores masculinos em policruzamentos de cana-de-açúcar. 2011. x, 80 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2011.