Desempenho e divergência genética entre clones de Eucalyptus spp. em diferentes regimes de irrigação em casa de vegetação
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Data
2007-02-26
Autores
Vellini, Ana Lidia Tonani Tolfo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho e a divergência genética entre 18 clones de Eucalyptus spp. submetidos a quatro regimes de irrigação (RI1 irrigação diária; RI2 irrigação a cada dois dias; RI3 irrigação a cada quatro dias; RI4 irrigação a cada seis dias). O experimento foi implantado em casa de vegetação no delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 18 x 4 (18 clones e quatro regimes de irrigação), com quatro repetições, e conduzido por 73 dias. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento como: incremento relativo em altura (IR-ALT), em diâmetro do coleto (IR-DC), em número de folhas (IR-NF), em área foliar (IR-AF), em matéria seca de folha (IR-MSF), em matéria seca de caule (IR-MSC) e em matéria seca de raíz (IR-MSR); relação raiz-parte aérea (RPA) e fisiológicas: taxa líquida de fotossíntese (A), condutância estomática (gs), transpiração (E), teor relativo de clorofila total, eficiência quântica do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) e potencial hídrico foliar (yf). As avaliações fisiológicas foram realizadas um dia antes (AI) e um dia após a irrigação (DI) de cada tratamento, em intervalos regulares de 11 e 13 dias, respectivamente, ocasião em que coincidia a irrigação (12 dias) em todos os regimes hídricos. Quanto ao estudo da divergência genética, foi usada como medida de dissimilaridade a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2), aplicando-se em seguida o método hierárquico de agrupamento de Ligação Média Entre Grupos (UPGMA) e também o algoritmo de otimização de Tocher. Adicionalmente, foi feito o estudo da importância relativa dos caracteres para a divergência usando a técnica de Componentes Principais. Observou-se que todas as características avaliadas apresentaram diferenças significativas tanto entre os clones quanto entre os regimes hídricos...
The objectives of this work was to evaluate the growth and physiological traits and genetic divergence among 18 Eucalyptus spp. clones submitted to four irrigation regimes (RI1 - daily; RI2 - every two days; RI3 - every four days; RI4 - every six days). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, and a factorial scheme 18 x 4 (18 clones and four irrigation regimes) with four replications during 73 days. It was evaluated the growth traits: relative increment at height (RI-H), collar diameter (RI-CD), number of leaves (RI-NL), leaf area (RI-LA), dry mater of the leaves (RI-DML), stem (RI-DMS) and roots (RI-DMR), the root-shoot ratio (RSR); and physiological traits: net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), relative chlorophyll content of total (U.R.), quantum efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and leaf water potential (yf). The physiological evaluations were performed one day before (BI) and one day after the irrigation (AI) in each treatment, in regulate intervals of 11 and 13 days, respectively, when the irrigation (12 days) coincided with every irrigation regimes. The genetic divergence it was used as dissimilarity measure the generalized Mahalanobis distance, using the hierarchical method of grouping of Unweighted Arithmetics Average (UPGMA) and Tocher s optimization method. In addition, it was done the study of relative importance of traits to the divergence using the Principal Components technique. It was observed that all traits evaluated presented significant difference among genotypes and water regimes. The estimates of genotypic determination coefficient presented values over 0.85 for growth traits and between 0.28 and 0.87 for physiological ones. The clones generally presented reduction in their traits as the frequency of irrigation was decreased, although in variable proportions among them... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
The objectives of this work was to evaluate the growth and physiological traits and genetic divergence among 18 Eucalyptus spp. clones submitted to four irrigation regimes (RI1 - daily; RI2 - every two days; RI3 - every four days; RI4 - every six days). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, and a factorial scheme 18 x 4 (18 clones and four irrigation regimes) with four replications during 73 days. It was evaluated the growth traits: relative increment at height (RI-H), collar diameter (RI-CD), number of leaves (RI-NL), leaf area (RI-LA), dry mater of the leaves (RI-DML), stem (RI-DMS) and roots (RI-DMR), the root-shoot ratio (RSR); and physiological traits: net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), relative chlorophyll content of total (U.R.), quantum efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and leaf water potential (yf). The physiological evaluations were performed one day before (BI) and one day after the irrigation (AI) in each treatment, in regulate intervals of 11 and 13 days, respectively, when the irrigation (12 days) coincided with every irrigation regimes. The genetic divergence it was used as dissimilarity measure the generalized Mahalanobis distance, using the hierarchical method of grouping of Unweighted Arithmetics Average (UPGMA) and Tocher s optimization method. In addition, it was done the study of relative importance of traits to the divergence using the Principal Components technique. It was observed that all traits evaluated presented significant difference among genotypes and water regimes. The estimates of genotypic determination coefficient presented values over 0.85 for growth traits and between 0.28 and 0.87 for physiological ones. The clones generally presented reduction in their traits as the frequency of irrigation was decreased, although in variable proportions among them... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas - Melhoramento genetico, Eucalipto, Fisiologia vegetal, Irrigação, Estresse hídrico, Water stress
Como citar
VELLINI, Ana Lidia Tonani Tolfo. Desempenho e divergência genética entre clones de Eucalyptus spp. em diferentes regimes de irrigação em casa de vegetação. 2007. ix, 94 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2007.