Aplicação das técnicas de geoprocessamento na análise dos impactos ambientais e na determinação da vulnerabilidade ambiental no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte
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Data
2011-12-06
Autores
Oliveira, Frederico Fonseca Galvão de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho objetiva identificar analiticamente os impactos ambientais negativos e determinar, a partir de modelos empíricos, em escala de 1:25.000, os graus de vulnerabilidade ambiental existentes no litoral sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados dos impactos foram obtidos mediante a proposição de metodologias de geoprocessamento específicas para cada impacto. A distribuição das diferentes classes de vulnerabilidade ambiental foi determinada a partir de modelamentos por álgebra de mapas. Os impactos ambientais analisados configuram-se nos campos de dunas, manguezais, faixas de praia e remanescentes florestais de Mata Atlântica. Quanto às dunas, o mapeamento indicou que 48,24% da área têm uma magnitude de impacto classificada como muito fraca. Contudo, o que preocupa é que os locais onde a magnitude do impacto é muito forte são exatamente as áreas com maior vulnerabilidade ambiental. Atualmente o maior avanço da carcinicultura ocorre em áreas que não são de manguezais, mas em sistemas ambientais associados. As faixas de praia podem se diferenciar quanto ao seu comprometimento ambiental, pois a capacidade de suporte aos impactos desses ambientes varia em função de suas características geoambientais. Apesar de os fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica apresentarem predominância de áreas muito irregulares (60,39%), muito pequenas (64,08%), com proporção de borda de 54,34%, má distribuição de sua densidade (setor sul) e circundados por cana-de-açúcar e áreas campestres (72,04%), eles ainda são responsáveis pelo controle geossistêmico e ecológico da área. Quanto à vulnerabilidade ambiental, verificou-se de que mais de 80% da área é classificada como de baixa e moderada vulnerabilidade. Isso mostra que, de acordo com o método aplicado e com os...
This study aims to identify analytically the negative environmental impacts and determine, based on empirical models, on a scale of 1:25,000, the existing degree of environmental vulnerability in the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The results of the impacts were obtained by the proposition of geoprocessing methodologies specific to each impact. The distribution of different classes of environmental vulnerability were determined from models for map algebra. The environmental impacts analyzed, are configured in the fields of dunes, mangroves, beach strips and areas of Mata Atlantica. Refering to the dunes, the mapping indicated that 48.24% of the area has a magnitude of impact rated as very small. However, the problem is that the locations where the magnitude of impact is very strong are the areas with greater environmental vulnerability. Currently the largest improvement in shrimp farming occurs in areas that are not mangrove, but in associated environmental systems.The beach strips may differ as to its environmental commitment, because the ability to support the impacts of these environments varies with geo-environmental characteristics. Although the present Mata Atlantica forest fragments shows predominance of very irregular areas (60.39%), very small (64.08%), with proportion of edge of 54.34%, bad distribution of density (southern sector) and surrounded by sugar cane fields and grassland (72.04%), they are still responsible for controlling geosystems and ecological area. Refering to the environmental vulnerability, we have concluded that more than 80% of the area is classified as low-and moderate vulnerability. This shows that, according to the method used and results achieved, most of the area is in balance. However... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This study aims to identify analytically the negative environmental impacts and determine, based on empirical models, on a scale of 1:25,000, the existing degree of environmental vulnerability in the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The results of the impacts were obtained by the proposition of geoprocessing methodologies specific to each impact. The distribution of different classes of environmental vulnerability were determined from models for map algebra. The environmental impacts analyzed, are configured in the fields of dunes, mangroves, beach strips and areas of Mata Atlantica. Refering to the dunes, the mapping indicated that 48.24% of the area has a magnitude of impact rated as very small. However, the problem is that the locations where the magnitude of impact is very strong are the areas with greater environmental vulnerability. Currently the largest improvement in shrimp farming occurs in areas that are not mangrove, but in associated environmental systems.The beach strips may differ as to its environmental commitment, because the ability to support the impacts of these environments varies with geo-environmental characteristics. Although the present Mata Atlantica forest fragments shows predominance of very irregular areas (60.39%), very small (64.08%), with proportion of edge of 54.34%, bad distribution of density (southern sector) and surrounded by sugar cane fields and grassland (72.04%), they are still responsible for controlling geosystems and ecological area. Refering to the environmental vulnerability, we have concluded that more than 80% of the area is classified as low-and moderate vulnerability. This shows that, according to the method used and results achieved, most of the area is in balance. However... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Geologia de engenharia, Meio ambiente, Engineering geology, Ecology
Como citar
OLIVEIRA, Frederico Fonseca Galvão de. Aplicação das técnicas de geoprocessamento na análise dos impactos ambientais e na determinação da vulnerabilidade ambiental no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte. 2011. 250 f. Tese - (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2011.