Estudo da dinâmica atmosférica subterrânea na determinação da capacidade de carga turística na caverna de Santana (Petar, Iporanga, SP)
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Data
2011-11-21
Autores
Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O manejo do turismo em cavernas é um procedimento de organização do uso do espaço cavernícola, visando resguardar sua integridade e, simultaneamente, possibilitar o seu conhecimento e fruição. Em níveis mundiais, este tipo de procedimento vem sendo desenvolvido com base em parâmetros científicos, tendo na capacidade de carga turística um de seus principais enfoques. Todavia, os métodos para a determinação de capacidade de carga existentes, ou atendem apenas a situações muito específicas – como as cavernas que abrigam pinturas rupestres –, ou foram adaptados de situações análogas de manejo turístico em áreas naturais – como trilhas –, o que dificulta a inserção das especificidades do ambiente subterrâneo na obtenção de limites adequados de uso. Partindo deste cenário, foi realizada uma pesquisa de determinação de capacidade de carga na caverna de Santana (Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Iporanga-SP), com base no estudo de sua dinâmica atmosférica. Para tanto, foram executadas três fases de monitoramento espeleoclimático, além de procedimentos complementares de análise de vetores atmosféricos de dispersão e acúmulo e da interação entre atmosfera e rocha. Quanto aos dados monitorados, a média anual (2009-2010) da temperatura do ar no ambiente externo foi de 19,99 °C e a moda foi 17,9 °C. Os extremos registrados foram entre 32,9 °C (máxima, na estação Externa) e 6,1 °C (mínima, na estação Boca). A máxima no período mais chuvoso foi de 32,9 °C e a mínima de 13,8 °C. No período menos chuvoso, que coincide nesta região com o inverno, a máxima registrada foi de 29,4 °C e a mínima de 6,1 °C. A maior diferença, no entanto, se revelou na média, sendo de 21,35 °C no período mais chuvoso (verão) e de 18,06 °C no período menos chuvoso (inverno). A umidade...
The management of tourism in caves is a procedure which aims to guarantee the cave integrity in a long term basis and, simultaneously, make feasible its sustainable use. In many countries, these procedures are been developed based on scientific parameters and methods, considering the tourist carrying capacity as one of its main focus. However, the existent methods used to determinate the carrying capacity are used just for some specific situations (e.g. the caves which shelter rock art or were adapted from other kind of tourist attractions, as trails and pathways), which difficult the insertion of each cave environment specificities in the procedures of obtaining the carrying capacity. Starting with this scenario, a research was carried out in the cave of Santana (State Tourist Park of Upper Ribeira River – PETAR – Iporanga city, State of São Paulo, southeast of Brazil) to determinate its tourist carrying capacity using the cave atmosphere dynamics. Three phases of speleoclimate monitoring were made, besides of complementary procedures to the analysis of the air flow and its pattern of accumulation and dispersion, together with the interaction between air, rock and water temperature. The annual mean in the period 2009-2010 of air temperature in the external environment was 19,99 °C, and the mode was 17,9 °C. The extreme values were 32,9 °C and 6,1 °C in the external area of the cave. Considering the absence of a drought period in the region, the maximum temperature in the rainy season (south hemisphere summer) was 32,9 °C and the minimum registered was 13,8 °C. In the less rainy season (south hemisphere winter), the maximum and minimum values were, respectively, 29,4 °C and 6,1 °C. The biggest difference, however, was in the mean: 21,35 °C in the summer and 18,06 °C in the winter. The mean of the relative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The management of tourism in caves is a procedure which aims to guarantee the cave integrity in a long term basis and, simultaneously, make feasible its sustainable use. In many countries, these procedures are been developed based on scientific parameters and methods, considering the tourist carrying capacity as one of its main focus. However, the existent methods used to determinate the carrying capacity are used just for some specific situations (e.g. the caves which shelter rock art or were adapted from other kind of tourist attractions, as trails and pathways), which difficult the insertion of each cave environment specificities in the procedures of obtaining the carrying capacity. Starting with this scenario, a research was carried out in the cave of Santana (State Tourist Park of Upper Ribeira River – PETAR – Iporanga city, State of São Paulo, southeast of Brazil) to determinate its tourist carrying capacity using the cave atmosphere dynamics. Three phases of speleoclimate monitoring were made, besides of complementary procedures to the analysis of the air flow and its pattern of accumulation and dispersion, together with the interaction between air, rock and water temperature. The annual mean in the period 2009-2010 of air temperature in the external environment was 19,99 °C, and the mode was 17,9 °C. The extreme values were 32,9 °C and 6,1 °C in the external area of the cave. Considering the absence of a drought period in the region, the maximum temperature in the rainy season (south hemisphere summer) was 32,9 °C and the minimum registered was 13,8 °C. In the less rainy season (south hemisphere winter), the maximum and minimum values were, respectively, 29,4 °C and 6,1 °C. The biggest difference, however, was in the mean: 21,35 °C in the summer and 18,06 °C in the winter. The mean of the relative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Palavras-chave
Espeleologia, Speleology
Como citar
LOBO, Heros Augusto Santos. Estudo da dinâmica atmosférica subterrânea na determinação da capacidade de carga turística na caverna de Santana (Petar, Iporanga, SP). 2011. 392 f. Tese - (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2011.