Estudo geoquímico de solos em áreas degradadas no município de Sobral (CE) com vistas à sua recuperação
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Data
2013-04-03
Autores
Ursulino, Denise Maria Azevedo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os solos brasileiros são atingidos extensa e intensamente por processos de degradação, estão sujeitos a fatores adversos devidos ao clima tropical e ao condicionamento geológico, além da ação prejudicial do homem. O Município de Sobral, localizado na porção noroeste do Estado Ceará, apresenta um cenário que evidencia o modo inadequado e insustentável pelo qual o meio físico tem sido historicamente ocupado e utilizado. Os solos do município encontram-se esgotados de nutrientes e ocupam áreas de grandes extensões. Com isso levantou-se a hipótese de que aplicação de um composto orgânico produzido com materiais de origem vegetal e origem animal, disponíveis nas propriedades agrícolas ou de fácil obtenção, possibilita a recuperação em Sobral de três tipos de solos degradados: o Neossolo Flúvico, Planossolo Háplico e o Neossolo Litólito através da averiguação do seu comportamento pedogeoquímico. Três unidades geológicas (Grupo Ceará, Granito Meruoca e Cobertura Cenozóica) associadas às três diferentes superfícies geomorfológicas (Planície Aluvionar, Depressão Sertaneja e Maciço Residual) serviram como unidades territoriais para o desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa. Em cada área teste estações experimentais foram implantadas (A1, A2 e A3) e divididas em parcelas denominadas solo exposto (SE) e solo com composto (SC) que possibilitaram as investigações pedogeoquímicas durante dois anos nos período considerado chuvoso e seco. Parâmetros geotécnicos foram empregados para caracterização física dos solos através de ensaios físicos e granulometria a laser. Realizou-se a descrição dos minerais através reconhecimento em campo, microscopia ótica, espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X, bem como, os argilominerais por difração de raios X. Para todos os solos foram analisados pH em água (1:2,5), condutividade elétrica, cálcio...
Brazilian soils have been affected extensively and intensely by degradation processes. They have been subjected to adverse effects due to the tropical climate and the geological conditioning, in addition to the harmful effects of man actions. The county of Sobral, located in the northwestern portion of Ceará State, presents a scenario that shows how inappropriate and unsustainable the physical environment has historically been occupied and used. The soils of the county have been depleted of nutrients, taking large track areas. Thus, it was hypothesized that the application of an organic compound produced with materials of vegetable and animal origin available on farms or easily accessible, can recover three types of degraded soil in Sobral: the Neossolo Flúvico, the Planossolo Háplico and the Neossolo Litólito through pedogeochemical investigation. Three geological units (Ceará Group, Granite Meruoca and Cenozoic cover) attached to three different geomorphic surfaces (Floodplain, and Massive Residual Sertaneja Depression) had been used as territorial units for the research project development. In each test area, experimental stations had been set up (A1, A2 and A3) and divided into portions denominated exposed soil (ES) untreated and compost soil (CS) which had allowed the pedogeochemical investigations for two years in the rainy and dry periods. Geotechnical parameters were used for physical characterization of soils through physical testing and laser granulometry. The description of the minerals description had been done through field recognition, optical microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry of X-ray, as well as clay minerals by X-ray diffraction. For all soils, it was analyzed pH in water (1:2.5), electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, exchangeable aluminum, potential acidity, ion exchange capacity, base saturation, exchangeable sodium... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Brazilian soils have been affected extensively and intensely by degradation processes. They have been subjected to adverse effects due to the tropical climate and the geological conditioning, in addition to the harmful effects of man actions. The county of Sobral, located in the northwestern portion of Ceará State, presents a scenario that shows how inappropriate and unsustainable the physical environment has historically been occupied and used. The soils of the county have been depleted of nutrients, taking large track areas. Thus, it was hypothesized that the application of an organic compound produced with materials of vegetable and animal origin available on farms or easily accessible, can recover three types of degraded soil in Sobral: the Neossolo Flúvico, the Planossolo Háplico and the Neossolo Litólito through pedogeochemical investigation. Three geological units (Ceará Group, Granite Meruoca and Cenozoic cover) attached to three different geomorphic surfaces (Floodplain, and Massive Residual Sertaneja Depression) had been used as territorial units for the research project development. In each test area, experimental stations had been set up (A1, A2 and A3) and divided into portions denominated exposed soil (ES) untreated and compost soil (CS) which had allowed the pedogeochemical investigations for two years in the rainy and dry periods. Geotechnical parameters were used for physical characterization of soils through physical testing and laser granulometry. The description of the minerals description had been done through field recognition, optical microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry of X-ray, as well as clay minerals by X-ray diffraction. For all soils, it was analyzed pH in water (1:2.5), electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, exchangeable aluminum, potential acidity, ion exchange capacity, base saturation, exchangeable sodium... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soil science, Ciência do solo, Geoquimica, Solos - Fertilidade, Solo - Uso, Adubação orgânica, Solos - Manejo, Sobral (CE)
Como citar
URSULINO, Denise Maria Azevedo. Estudo geoquímico de solos em áreas degradadas no município de Sobral (CE) com vistas à sua recuperação. 2013. 164 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2013.