Cetamina S(+) como adjuvante na anestesia e no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de pacientes queimados
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Data
2011-02-28
Autores
Rojas, Alfredo Cury [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os pacientes vítimas de queimaduras frequentemente manifestam dor de grande intensidade e de difícil controle, requerendo o uso contínuo do opióide para a manutenção da analgesia adequada, sendo, muitas vezes, necessária a administração de medicações adjuvantes. Os antagonistas dos receptores N-metil D-aspartato (NMDA) produzem analgesia adequada e a cetamina, representante desta classe de fármacos, é muito utilizada em pacientes com queimaduras. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento da cetamina S(+), administrada pela via intravenosa durante a anestesia, como fármaco coadjuvante no alívio da dor pós-operatória de pacientes queimados submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos e, também, o consumo de tramadol como indicador da qualidade desta analgesia.Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, vinte e quatro pacientes foram divididos, por sorteio, em dois grupos (G): G1 (n=13), que receberam midazolam (2,5 mg), cetamina S(+) (1 mg.kg-1), fentanil (75 μg) e propofol em infusão alvo controlada (0,5 a 2,0μg.mL-1) e G2 (n=11), que receberam midazolam (2,5 mg), solução fisiológica 0,9%, fentanil (75 μg) e propofol em infusão alvo controlada (0,5 a 2,0 μg.mL-1). As seringas foram preparadas por enfermeira não participante do ato anestésico-cirúrgico, em seringas de 5 mL, contendo 3 mL de solução. Os pacientes foram monitorizados com cardioscópio, pressão arterial não invasiva e oximetria de pulso. A hidratação foi realizada com solução fisiológica 0,9%. Aos aumentos na freqüência cardíaca e na pressão arterial sistólica (acima de 20%), assim como ao esboço de sinais de desconforto por dor, administrava-se fentanil (50μg até o máximo de 3 μg.kg -1). A analgesia pós-operatória foi realizada com tramadol (100 mg) ao final da cirurgia...
Burn patients often present intense pain that is difficult to control, requiring continuous use of opioids to maintain adequate analgesia, such that it is often necessary to administer adjuvant medications. Receptor antagonists N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) produce analgesia and ketamine, a representative of this class of drugs, is widely used in burn patients. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of ketamine S(+), administered intravenously during anesthesia, as an adjuvant drug in relieving postoperative pain for burn patients submitted to surgery and the consumption of tramadol as an indicator of the quality of this analgesia.Following approval by the Ethics Committee of the Botucatu School of Medicine and free, informed consent, 24 patients were divided randomly into two groups: G1 (n=13) received midazolam (2.5 mg), ketamine (S) (1 mg/kg of bw), fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL); and G2 (n=11) received midazolam (2.5 mg), 0.9% saline, fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL).The syringes were prepared by a nurse, who did not participate in the surgical anesthetic Introdução e Literatura 16 procedures, in a 5 ml syringe containing 3 ml of solution. The patients were monitored via a cardioscope, noninvasive blood pressure and pulse oximetry.Hydration was achieved with 0.9% saline. When heart rate and systolic blood pressure (above 20%) was increased and/or when signs of discomfort due to pain were observed, fentanyl was administered (from 50μg to a maximum of 3 mg/kg of bw). Postoperative analgesia was achieved with tramadol (100 mg) at the end of surgery. Patients were assessed for pain at discharge from the recovery room (M0) and 3 h (M1), 6 h (M2) and 12 h (M3) postsurgery, using verbal numeric and visual analogue scales. Postoperative analgesia was maintained with codeine (30 mg)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Burn patients often present intense pain that is difficult to control, requiring continuous use of opioids to maintain adequate analgesia, such that it is often necessary to administer adjuvant medications. Receptor antagonists N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) produce analgesia and ketamine, a representative of this class of drugs, is widely used in burn patients. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of ketamine S(+), administered intravenously during anesthesia, as an adjuvant drug in relieving postoperative pain for burn patients submitted to surgery and the consumption of tramadol as an indicator of the quality of this analgesia.Following approval by the Ethics Committee of the Botucatu School of Medicine and free, informed consent, 24 patients were divided randomly into two groups: G1 (n=13) received midazolam (2.5 mg), ketamine (S) (1 mg/kg of bw), fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL); and G2 (n=11) received midazolam (2.5 mg), 0.9% saline, fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL).The syringes were prepared by a nurse, who did not participate in the surgical anesthetic Introdução e Literatura 16 procedures, in a 5 ml syringe containing 3 ml of solution. The patients were monitored via a cardioscope, noninvasive blood pressure and pulse oximetry.Hydration was achieved with 0.9% saline. When heart rate and systolic blood pressure (above 20%) was increased and/or when signs of discomfort due to pain were observed, fentanyl was administered (from 50μg to a maximum of 3 mg/kg of bw). Postoperative analgesia was achieved with tramadol (100 mg) at the end of surgery. Patients were assessed for pain at discharge from the recovery room (M0) and 3 h (M1), 6 h (M2) and 12 h (M3) postsurgery, using verbal numeric and visual analogue scales. Postoperative analgesia was maintained with codeine (30 mg)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Queimaduras - Tratamento, Dor pos-operatoria - Tratamento, Ketamine S(+)
Como citar
ROJAS, Alfredo Cury. Cetamina S(+) como adjuvante na anestesia e no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de pacientes queimados. 2011. 66 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2011.