Qualidade da água e histopatologia de órgãos de peixes provenientes de criatórios do município de Itapecuru Mirim, Maranhão
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Data
2010-02-08
Autores
Santos, Debora Martins Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água e as alterações patológicas em brânquias, fígado e rim de peixes. Utilizou-se 57 exemplares, sendo 32 tilápias e 25 tambacus de seis pisciculturas do município de Itapecuru Mirim, MA. Para avaliação microbiológica da água, realizou-se o método “colilert” que analisa simultaneamente coliformes totais e Escherichia coli e o “simplate” para bactérias heterotróficas. Já para as brânquias o método foi o de enxaguadura, onde o líquido recolhido foi semeado em PCA e após incubação as colônias contadas e realizou-se a coloração de Gram para caracterização da microbiota. Os fragmentos dos órgãos foram incluídos em parafina para análise histopatológica. A água das pisciculturas apontou a presença de coliformes totais, E. coli e bactérias heterotróficas, turbidez elevada, pH reduzido e os valores de fosfato aumentados. Nas branquiais houve predomínio de cocos Gram-positivos. As alterações identificadas nas brânquias foram fusão lamelar, hiperplasia interlamelar, edema sub-epitelial e telangiectasia. No fígado havia congestão, hemorragia, necrose de hepatócitos e tecido pancreático, esteatose, inflamação do hepatopâncreas, bilirrubina intracitoplasmática nos hepatócitos, melanina e hemossiderina e hialinização. No rim notou-se esteatose, necrose coagulativa, edema intersticial, hemorragia focal e intersticial, nefrite, néfron imaturo, hialinização e melanomacrófagos com hemossiderina e melanina. As alterações teciduais podem estar associadas à ação de poluentes e de agentes biológicos presentes no ambiente aquático.
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the water microbiologic quality and pathological in gills, liver, and kidney of fishes which were collected from different pounds to microbiological and histological evaluations. It was used 57 fishes: 32 tilapia and 25 tambacu from six fish farms from Itapecuru Mirim, MA. For evaluation of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, the “colilert” method was used .and the simplate” method was use for heterotrophic bacteria. The gills were washed and the collected liquid was pipetted out in PCA plate. The colonies were characterized by smears stained by Gram method. The fragments of gills, liver and kidney were processed for paraffin imbedded. The results showed that the water from part of the fish farms presented presence of total coliform, E. coli, and heterotrophic bacteria. Other other hand the turbidity was high, the pH was low and the phosphate values were elevated in part of the fish farms. The microbiological of gills showed a predominance of Gram-positive coccus. The main alterations in gills were lamellar fusion, interlamelar hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema and telangiectasy. In the liver there was congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte and pancreatic tissue necrosis, steatose, hepatopancreas inflammation, intra-cytoplasmatic bilirubin in the hepatocyte, melanin and hemossiderin and hyalinization. In the kidney was observed steatose, coagulate necrosis, interstitial edema, focal and interstitial hemorrhage, nephritis, immature nephron, hyalinization and melanomacrophages with hemossiderin and melanin. The tissue alterations can be associated to the pollutant and biologic agent action present in the aquatic environment.
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the water microbiologic quality and pathological in gills, liver, and kidney of fishes which were collected from different pounds to microbiological and histological evaluations. It was used 57 fishes: 32 tilapia and 25 tambacu from six fish farms from Itapecuru Mirim, MA. For evaluation of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, the “colilert” method was used .and the simplate” method was use for heterotrophic bacteria. The gills were washed and the collected liquid was pipetted out in PCA plate. The colonies were characterized by smears stained by Gram method. The fragments of gills, liver and kidney were processed for paraffin imbedded. The results showed that the water from part of the fish farms presented presence of total coliform, E. coli, and heterotrophic bacteria. Other other hand the turbidity was high, the pH was low and the phosphate values were elevated in part of the fish farms. The microbiological of gills showed a predominance of Gram-positive coccus. The main alterations in gills were lamellar fusion, interlamelar hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema and telangiectasy. In the liver there was congestion, hemorrhage, hepatocyte and pancreatic tissue necrosis, steatose, hepatopancreas inflammation, intra-cytoplasmatic bilirubin in the hepatocyte, melanin and hemossiderin and hyalinization. In the kidney was observed steatose, coagulate necrosis, interstitial edema, focal and interstitial hemorrhage, nephritis, immature nephron, hyalinization and melanomacrophages with hemossiderin and melanin. The tissue alterations can be associated to the pollutant and biologic agent action present in the aquatic environment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Water, Coliforms, Tissue changes, Tilapia, Tambacu, Água - Qualidade, Tilapia (Peixe), coliformes, Alterações teciduais, Tambacu
Como citar
SANTOS, Debora Martins Silva. Qualidade da água e histopatologia de órgãos de peixes provenientes de criatórios do município de Itapecuru Mirim, Maranhão. 2010. iv, 83 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2010.