Revestimento de sementes de milho superdoce
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Data
2003-02-13
Autores
Mendonça, Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A semente de milho doce, em virtude do baixo conteúdo de amido, é normalmente leve e rugosa. A rugosidade torna difícil a classificação das sementes quanto à forma e ao tamanho e isso, dificulta a semeadura. Uma solução para sanar esse problema seria a utilização da técnica de revestimento. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes materiais de revestimento, adesivos e corantes na peletização de sementes de milho superdoce e verificar quais combinações de materiais seriam eficientes na manutenção da qualidade fisiológica das sementes durante o armazenamento e que permitiriam vazão e distribuição uniformes durante a semeadura. Para tanto, foram testados doze materiais de revestimento (calcários 1 e 2, caulim, carvão vegetal ativado, areia, vermiculita, fubá de milho, farinha de trigo, polvilho de mandioca, amido de milho, celite e terra diatomáceas) e dois adesivos (goma arábica e cascorez extra). As avaliações da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes revestidas e nuas foram efetuadas através dos testes: teor de água, fragmentação, peso de mil sementes, volume aparente e plantabilidade, germinação em papel toalha e em areia, primeira contagem da germinação em papel e areia, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas, porcentagem e velocidade de emergência das plântulas em campo. O revestimento de sementes de milho superdoce é possivel, pois proporciona homogeneidade de forma e tamanho às sementes, melhora a vazão e a distribuição dos péletes na semeadura. O revestimento propiciou um aumento na porcentagem e velocidade de emergência das plântulas em campo após quatro meses de armazenamento.
Sweet corn seeds, due to their low starch content, are usually light and irregularly shaped in comparison to common corn seeds thus making very difficult and low in precision the conditioning operations to classify them as to size and shape. On the other hand, this causes serious difficulties for the sowing operation. A solution for this problem would be the peletization of the seeds. The objective of this research work was thus to experiment with several different materials so as to find the best combination of filling and cementing materials with which to cover the seeds. The final objective would be to obtain more uniform seed-containing-particles (pelets) which would allow better sowing procedures. The tested materials were: lime 1 and 2, caulim, activated charcoal, finely granulated sand, finely granulated vermiculite, wheat flour, finely ground cassava flour, corn starch, celite, and diatomaceous earth as filling materials and two cementing materials: arabic glue and cascorez extra. Seed quality was then evaluated by means of the water content test, fragmentation test, one thousand seeds weight, apparent volume and sowing easiness, seed germination test in paper towel and in sand, seedling dry weight and length, total and speed of emergence in the field. The filling, cementing and coloring tested materials yielded good results. The peleting of the seeds caused them to have higher total emergence and speed of emergence in the field after the 4 month storage period.
Sweet corn seeds, due to their low starch content, are usually light and irregularly shaped in comparison to common corn seeds thus making very difficult and low in precision the conditioning operations to classify them as to size and shape. On the other hand, this causes serious difficulties for the sowing operation. A solution for this problem would be the peletization of the seeds. The objective of this research work was thus to experiment with several different materials so as to find the best combination of filling and cementing materials with which to cover the seeds. The final objective would be to obtain more uniform seed-containing-particles (pelets) which would allow better sowing procedures. The tested materials were: lime 1 and 2, caulim, activated charcoal, finely granulated sand, finely granulated vermiculite, wheat flour, finely ground cassava flour, corn starch, celite, and diatomaceous earth as filling materials and two cementing materials: arabic glue and cascorez extra. Seed quality was then evaluated by means of the water content test, fragmentation test, one thousand seeds weight, apparent volume and sowing easiness, seed germination test in paper towel and in sand, seedling dry weight and length, total and speed of emergence in the field. The filling, cementing and coloring tested materials yielded good results. The peleting of the seeds caused them to have higher total emergence and speed of emergence in the field after the 4 month storage period.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho, Sementes - Armazenamento, Seed, Plantability
Como citar
MENDONÇA, Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de. Revestimento de sementes de milho superdoce. 2003. v, 73 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2003.