Avaliação do intervalo hídrico ótimo em latossolo vermelho cultivado com milho
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Data
2007-02-23
Autores
Freddi, Onã da Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os solos submetidos aos sistemas de produção sem preparo estão condicionados a compactação do solo, provocado pelo tráfego de máquinas, tornando necessário o acompanhamento das alterações do ambiente físico, que quando desfavorável, restringe o crescimento radicular, podendo reduzir a produtividade das culturas. O objetivo geral foi avaliar, em condições de campo, a resposta do milho, cultivado em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura média (LVd) e um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico de textura argilosa (LVef) submetidos a diferentes intensidades de compactação, quanto as características agronômicas da cultura, e caracterizar adequadamente a compactação do solo a partir do intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO). Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis intensidades de compactação no LVd e cinco para o LVef, proporcionados pelo tráfego de tratores em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas do solo nas camadas de 0,02 0,05, 0,080,11, 0,150,18 e 0,22-0,25 m para determinação da resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, porosidade e densidade do solo e IHO. As características avaliadas da cultura foram: altura das plantas, altura de inserção da primeira espiga, diâmetro do colmo, número de espigas por planta, massa seca das plantas, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade do milho. Para determinação da densidade, superfície e diâmetro radicular e massa seca das raízes, foram retiradas amostras do solo nas camadas de 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,15 e 0,15-0,20 m, em cada parcela. A compactação do solo restringiu todas as características avaliadas da cultura com exceção apenas do número de espigas, em ambos os solos, e a massa de 1000 grãos no LVef...
Agricultural soils under no tillage systems are conditioned to soil compaction due to machinery traffic, which can restrict root growth and reduce crops yield. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) and to evaluate the corn response, by agronomical traits, to different compaction levels in an Oxisol, medium texture (LVd) and a clayey Oxisol (LVef). The treatments were formed by six levels of compaction in the LVd and five levels in the LVef, proportioned by the tractor s traffic, in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. Undeformed soil samples were collected in layers of 0.020.05, 0.080.11, 0.150.18 e 0.22-0.25 m to determinate mechanical soil resistance to penetration, porosity and bulk density and LLWR. Crop parameters evaluated were: plants height, ear height, stem diameter, ear number per plant, plants dry matter, mass of 1,000 grains and yield of grains. For the determinations of bulk, surface, root diameter and roots dry matter there were collected soil samples in the layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20 m, in each plot. The soil compaction restricted all of the crop parameters evaluated, with exception only of the ear number per plant, in both soils, and the mass of 1000 grains in the LVef. The LLWR was limited by the water content on field capacity and reduced by the soil resistance to penetration even in the no tractor traffic treatment, with medium density of 1.16 Mg m-3 for LVd and 1.12 Mg m-3 for LVef. The critical soil density for root growth, determined in LLWR, was of 1.46 Mg m-3 for LVd and 1.37 Mg m-3 for LVef. Values of penetration resistance between 1.03 and 5.69 MPa, in the 0-0.20 m layer, promoted modifications in the root system morphology reducing the crop yield to 38%...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic adress)
Agricultural soils under no tillage systems are conditioned to soil compaction due to machinery traffic, which can restrict root growth and reduce crops yield. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) and to evaluate the corn response, by agronomical traits, to different compaction levels in an Oxisol, medium texture (LVd) and a clayey Oxisol (LVef). The treatments were formed by six levels of compaction in the LVd and five levels in the LVef, proportioned by the tractor s traffic, in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. Undeformed soil samples were collected in layers of 0.020.05, 0.080.11, 0.150.18 e 0.22-0.25 m to determinate mechanical soil resistance to penetration, porosity and bulk density and LLWR. Crop parameters evaluated were: plants height, ear height, stem diameter, ear number per plant, plants dry matter, mass of 1,000 grains and yield of grains. For the determinations of bulk, surface, root diameter and roots dry matter there were collected soil samples in the layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20 m, in each plot. The soil compaction restricted all of the crop parameters evaluated, with exception only of the ear number per plant, in both soils, and the mass of 1000 grains in the LVef. The LLWR was limited by the water content on field capacity and reduced by the soil resistance to penetration even in the no tractor traffic treatment, with medium density of 1.16 Mg m-3 for LVd and 1.12 Mg m-3 for LVef. The critical soil density for root growth, determined in LLWR, was of 1.46 Mg m-3 for LVd and 1.37 Mg m-3 for LVef. Values of penetration resistance between 1.03 and 5.69 MPa, in the 0-0.20 m layer, promoted modifications in the root system morphology reducing the crop yield to 38%...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic adress)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soil aeration, root system, Latossolo, Milho - Cultivo, Solos - Aeração, Sistema radicular, Latossolo vermelho
Como citar
FREDDI, Onã da Silva. Avaliação do intervalo hídrico ótimo em latossolo vermelho cultivado com milho. 2007. xvi, 105 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2007.