Efeito de fontes de matéria orgânica sobre a ferrugem em mudas de cafeeiro
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Data
2003-02
Autores
Franco, Daniel Andrade de Siqueira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A geração de resíduos urbanos aumenta com o passar dos anos e graves problemas de impactos ambientais ocorrem devido ao seu inadequado tratamento e disposição final. A utilização de resíduos urbanos na agricultura destaca-se como uma alternativa viável e por conterem matéria orgânica podem colaborar tanto no controle de doenças da parte aérea das plantas, por indução de resistência sistêmica, como induzir a supressividade aos patógenos habitantes do solo. O crescimento da agricultura orgânica também demanda informações sobre os efeitos de matéria orgânica sobre as doenças de plantas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da incorporação de algumas fontes de matéria orgânica ao solo na indução da resistência sistêmica à Ferrugem em mudas de cafeeiro. Os efeitos da incorporação das fontes de matéria orgânica foram avaliados sobre o comportamento das mudas (altura; teor de nitrogênio total foliar; e porcentagem de folhas lesionadas, número de lesões por folha lesionada e esporulação de lesões da Ferrugem), das propriedades químicas do substrato (pH e condutividade elétrica) e da atividade microbiana do substrato (hidrólise do diacetato de fluoresceína – FDA). A indução de resistência sistêmica à Ferrugam foi estudada bioquimicamente por meio da atividade da peroxidase e da polifenoloxidase em tecido foliar de plantas desenvolvidas em substratos com o lodo de esgoto e com o composto de lixo em condições de casa de vegetação. As fontes de matéria orgânica foram o lodo de esgoto, o composto de lixo urbano, a cama de aves e os estercos de suíno, de bovino e de ovino. As fontes de matérias orgânicas incorporadas ao substrato aumentaram o teor de nitrogênio foliar total e não induziram a resistência sistêmica à Ferrugem do cafeeiro. As outras variáveis estudadas tiveram... .
The urban wastes production increases with the years and environmental impacts occur due to its inadequate treatment and final disposition. The standardized utilization of urban wastes in agriculture stand out as a viable alternative, apart from organic matters applied in the soil may control foliar diseases of plants for induction of systemic resistance and induction of supressiviness to soil pathogens. Also, the increase of organic agriculture requests information about the effects of organic materials in plant disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate possible effects of organic materials in the systemic resistance induction for coffee orange rust in seedlings. The effects of incorporating the organic matter sources into soil were evaluated over the conduct of seedlings (plant height; foliar total nitrogen; and infected leaves percentage by plant, number of lesions by lesioned leaf and lesions esporulation of rust), chemical properties of substrate (pH and eletrical conductivity) and of substrate microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis – FDA). The systemic resistance induction to coffee orange rust was studied by through biochemical assay of activity of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in the foliar tissue of the plants developed in the sewage sludge and with waste compost in greenhouse conditions. The organic matter sources were sewage sludge, waste compost, swine, bovine, sheep manures and the chicken litter. The organic matter sources were incorporated to substrate increased the foliar total nitrogen and didn’t affect the systemic resistance induction for coffee orange rust. The other variables studied had distinct conducts according to the type and concentration of the organic matter sources. The sewage sludge and waste compost interfere in the primary and secundary metabolisms of the plants modifying the activity of the peroxidade and polyphenoloxidase indicating the participation in the resistance to the disease.
The urban wastes production increases with the years and environmental impacts occur due to its inadequate treatment and final disposition. The standardized utilization of urban wastes in agriculture stand out as a viable alternative, apart from organic matters applied in the soil may control foliar diseases of plants for induction of systemic resistance and induction of supressiviness to soil pathogens. Also, the increase of organic agriculture requests information about the effects of organic materials in plant disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate possible effects of organic materials in the systemic resistance induction for coffee orange rust in seedlings. The effects of incorporating the organic matter sources into soil were evaluated over the conduct of seedlings (plant height; foliar total nitrogen; and infected leaves percentage by plant, number of lesions by lesioned leaf and lesions esporulation of rust), chemical properties of substrate (pH and eletrical conductivity) and of substrate microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis – FDA). The systemic resistance induction to coffee orange rust was studied by through biochemical assay of activity of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in the foliar tissue of the plants developed in the sewage sludge and with waste compost in greenhouse conditions. The organic matter sources were sewage sludge, waste compost, swine, bovine, sheep manures and the chicken litter. The organic matter sources were incorporated to substrate increased the foliar total nitrogen and didn’t affect the systemic resistance induction for coffee orange rust. The other variables studied had distinct conducts according to the type and concentration of the organic matter sources. The sewage sludge and waste compost interfere in the primary and secundary metabolisms of the plants modifying the activity of the peroxidade and polyphenoloxidase indicating the participation in the resistance to the disease.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cafeeiro - Mudas, Hemileia vastatrix, Matéria orgânica, Peroxidase, Café - Resistência a doenças e pragas, Residuos organicos - Reaproveitamento
Como citar
FRANCO, Daniel Andrade de Siqueira. Efeito de fontes de matéria orgânica sobre a ferrugem em mudas de cafeeiro. 2003. xvii, 119 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2003.