Dinâmica espaço-temporal de danos do cancro basal em Eucalyptus grandis
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Data
2007-12-17
Autores
Souza, Sandra Elizabeth [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em três povoamentos de Eucalyptus grandis na região norte do Estado de São Paulo, foi realizado um estudo com objetivo de conhecer a dinâmica espaço-temporal do cancro basal, quantificar os danos no volume e efeito na qualidade da madeira. Foram instaladas nove parcelas de 7500 m², com 1000 árvores de E. grandis, procedência Santa Rita do P. Quatro-SP, origem Coffs Harbour, dos plantios seminais em solos de areia franca AQ1, AQ3 (10 a 15% de argila) e textura franco-argila-arenosa LEm2 (26 a 35% de argila). As avaliações foram realizadas em nove mil árvores com idade de dois anos. A incidência foi monitorada individualmente de acordo com a presença ou ausência da doença e a severidade, mediante o uso de uma escala diagramática de notas. Foram feitas avaliações nos anos 2000, 2001 e 2002, o que gerou 26 mapas de evolução da doença. Os resultados permitiram concluir que: (1) A incidência média do cancro basal foi influenciado pelo tipo de solo AQ3 (0,25%), AQ1 (0,21%) e LEm2 (0,09%); (2) Os valores do índice de dispersão (ID) foram > 1, para os tamanhos de quadrat 2x4, 5x2, 5x4 e 5x10; os valores de log (A) = log (Vobs) e log de (b) = log (Vbin) foram maiores que 1 e diferentes de zero, sugerindo uma tendência à agregação independente do tipo de solo; (3) 54,6% dos focos foram unitários, indicando que o cancro basal inicia-se com focos de apenas uma árvore; 80,8% dos focos apresentam maior comprimento na direção entre as linhas de plantio do que na direção da linha; focos maiores ocorreram no solo AQ3, que apresentaram-se menos compactos; a disseminação do cancro nesses povoamentos parece ter sido via sementes através das mudas; 89,1% dos mapas apresentaram focos com tamanho médio inferior a 10 árvores, no solo AQ3 em 10,9% dos focos o tamanho variou entre 11 a 30 árvores e nenhum foco foi formado acima de 30 árvores;...
A study was carried out in three Eucalyptus grandis stands in the northern region of the State of São Paulo, in order to provide information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of eucalyptus canker, evaluate volume losses, and determine the effect of the disease on wood quality. Nine 7500 m² plots (10×100) containing 1000 E. grandis trees from Santa Rita do P. Quatro-SP (origin: Coffs Harbour), in seed plantations on soils classified as loamy sands, AQ1 and AQ3 (10 to 15% clay), and on a silty-clay-loam-textured soil, LEm2 (26 – 35% clay). Evaluations were made in nine thousand two-year-old trees. Incidence was monitored individually according to the presence or absence of the disease. Severity was evaluated through the use of a diagrammatic rating scale. Evaluations were made in 2000, 2001, and 2002, and 26 disease progress maps were generated. The results allowed us to conclude that: (1) The mean incidence of eucalyptus canker followed a trend that matched the soil types:AQ3 (0.25%), AQ1(0.21.%), and LEm2 (0.09%); (2) The ID values were > 1 for quadrat sizes equal to 2×4, 5×2, 5×4, and 5×10; The log (A) = log (Vobs) and log (b) = log (Vbin) values were higher than 1 and different from zero, suggesting a tendency for aggregation, regardless of soil type; (3) 54.6% of the foci were single-unit, indicating that eucalyptus canker starts with single-tree foci; 80.8% of the foci had greater lengths between planting rows than along the rows; larger foci occurred in the AQ3 soil, which were less compact; canker dissemination in those stands seemed to have occurred via seeds through the seedlings; 89.1% of the maps had foci with mean sizes smaller than 10 trees in the AQ3 soil; in 10.9% of the foci the size ranged between 11 and 30 trees, and no focus formed at sizes above 30 trees; the ICF and ICFNU values were not close nor very far from ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
A study was carried out in three Eucalyptus grandis stands in the northern region of the State of São Paulo, in order to provide information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of eucalyptus canker, evaluate volume losses, and determine the effect of the disease on wood quality. Nine 7500 m² plots (10×100) containing 1000 E. grandis trees from Santa Rita do P. Quatro-SP (origin: Coffs Harbour), in seed plantations on soils classified as loamy sands, AQ1 and AQ3 (10 to 15% clay), and on a silty-clay-loam-textured soil, LEm2 (26 – 35% clay). Evaluations were made in nine thousand two-year-old trees. Incidence was monitored individually according to the presence or absence of the disease. Severity was evaluated through the use of a diagrammatic rating scale. Evaluations were made in 2000, 2001, and 2002, and 26 disease progress maps were generated. The results allowed us to conclude that: (1) The mean incidence of eucalyptus canker followed a trend that matched the soil types:AQ3 (0.25%), AQ1(0.21.%), and LEm2 (0.09%); (2) The ID values were > 1 for quadrat sizes equal to 2×4, 5×2, 5×4, and 5×10; The log (A) = log (Vobs) and log (b) = log (Vbin) values were higher than 1 and different from zero, suggesting a tendency for aggregation, regardless of soil type; (3) 54.6% of the foci were single-unit, indicating that eucalyptus canker starts with single-tree foci; 80.8% of the foci had greater lengths between planting rows than along the rows; larger foci occurred in the AQ3 soil, which were less compact; canker dissemination in those stands seemed to have occurred via seeds through the seedlings; 89.1% of the maps had foci with mean sizes smaller than 10 trees in the AQ3 soil; in 10.9% of the foci the size ranged between 11 and 30 trees, and no focus formed at sizes above 30 trees; the ICF and ICFNU values were not close nor very far from ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Eucalipto, Cancro (Fitopatologia), Epidemics spatial analysis, Aggregation, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus canker, Wood chemistry
Como citar
SOUZA, Sandra Elizabeth. Dinâmica espaço-temporal de danos do cancro basal em Eucalyptus grandis. 2007. xiii,160 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2007.