Fontes e composição das partículas atmosféricas na área urbana e rural da região central do Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2007-11-09
Autores
Paterlini, Willian César [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivos específicos a caracterização física e química do material particulado (MP) da região central do estado de São Paulo, visando avaliar a contribuição das diferentes fontes nas diferentes faixas de tamanhos analisadas e além disso, verificar qualquer variabilidade sazonal que pudesse ser causada pela queima da cana-de-açúcar, já que a economia regional é basicamente caracterizada por agroindústrias com uma tendência de crescimento industrial a médio e longo prazo. Essa caracterização do MP torna-se de suma importância uma vez que o aumento do mesmo está relacionado intensamente com o aumento do número de doenças pulmonares e cardiovasculares. A concentração média anual foi de 18,4; 50,1 e 53,0mg m-3 para MP2,5, MP10 e partículas totais em suspensão (PTS), respectivamente, com respectivas concentrações máximas em 24 horas de 52,8; 146,6 e 145,0mg m-3. As concentrações médias anuais de MP2,5 e MP10 excedem em 84,0 e 150,5% respectivamente os valores estipulados como padrões pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Além disso, a média padrão de 24 horas estipulada pela OMS que pode ser ultrapassada apenas três vezes ao ano, é ultrapassada 42 vezes para MP2,5 e 95 vezes para MP10, o que significa um sinal de alerta para a situação atmosférica da região estudada. Para verificar a influência da queima da cana-de-açúcar na atmosfera regional comparou-se a contribuição no material particulado nos períodos da safra (junho a outubro) e entressafra (dezembro a abril) e constatou-se que a média de MP2,5, MP10 e PTS foi cerca de 131, 75 e 162% respectivamente maior na época da safra. Observou-se também uma elevação na concentração do íon K+ de cerca de 592%, 620% e 627% nas faixas de tamanho MP2,5, MP>2,5 e MP10, respectivamente...
The specific objective of this work was the physical and chemical characterization of airborne particulate matter (PM) of the central region of Sao Paulo State, evaluating the main sources contributing to each size fraction analyzed and in addition verifying any seasonal variability that could be caused by pre-harvest burning of sugar cane, since the regional economy is heavily influenced by agro-industry, with an increasing trend of industrial growth in the medium and long term. Characterization of PM is of great importance since increase of PM is directly related to increased occurrence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Annual average PM concentrations were 18.4, 50.1 and 53.0 mg m-3 for MP2.5, MP10 and total suspended particulates (TSP), respectively, with respective maximum 24-hour mean concentrations of 52.8, 146.6 and 145.0 mg m-3. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded, by 84.0 and 150.5%, respectively, the values considered as standards by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In addition, WHO maximum 24-hour mean concentrations, not to be exceeded more than three times per year, were exceeded 42 times for MP2.5 and 95 times for MP10, which is indicative of a signal of alert for atmospheric quality in the study region. To verify the influence of the burning of sugar cane on the regional atmosphere concentrations of particulate matter were compared for the harvest period (June to October) and the non-burning period (December to April), and it was found that average PM2.5, PM10 and TSP levels were about 131, 75 and 162% higher, respectively, during the harvest period for the years 2003 and 2004. Increases in concentrations of the K+ ion of 592%, 620% and 627% for PM2.5, PM>2.5 and PM10, respectively, were also observed. K+ is an important marker for burning of vegetation, including sugar... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The specific objective of this work was the physical and chemical characterization of airborne particulate matter (PM) of the central region of Sao Paulo State, evaluating the main sources contributing to each size fraction analyzed and in addition verifying any seasonal variability that could be caused by pre-harvest burning of sugar cane, since the regional economy is heavily influenced by agro-industry, with an increasing trend of industrial growth in the medium and long term. Characterization of PM is of great importance since increase of PM is directly related to increased occurrence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Annual average PM concentrations were 18.4, 50.1 and 53.0 mg m-3 for MP2.5, MP10 and total suspended particulates (TSP), respectively, with respective maximum 24-hour mean concentrations of 52.8, 146.6 and 145.0 mg m-3. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded, by 84.0 and 150.5%, respectively, the values considered as standards by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In addition, WHO maximum 24-hour mean concentrations, not to be exceeded more than three times per year, were exceeded 42 times for MP2.5 and 95 times for MP10, which is indicative of a signal of alert for atmospheric quality in the study region. To verify the influence of the burning of sugar cane on the regional atmosphere concentrations of particulate matter were compared for the harvest period (June to October) and the non-burning period (December to April), and it was found that average PM2.5, PM10 and TSP levels were about 131, 75 and 162% higher, respectively, during the harvest period for the years 2003 and 2004. Increases in concentrations of the K+ ion of 592%, 620% and 627% for PM2.5, PM>2.5 and PM10, respectively, were also observed. K+ is an important marker for burning of vegetation, including sugar... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Química ambiental, Cana-de-açúcar
Como citar
PATERLINI, Willian César. Fontes e composição das partículas atmosféricas na área urbana e rural da região central do Estado de São Paulo. 2007. 68 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química., 2007.