Pesticidas mais empregados na cultura de soja no município de Dourados (MS): determinação em água para consumo humano
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Data
2006-03-27
Autores
Lopes, Mara Nilza Teodoro [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso intensivo de pesticidas em lavouras e pastagens, visando o aumento da produção agropecuária pode gerar resíduo. O destino final destes resíduos é sempre a água, seja por escoamento superficial, subsuperficial ou profundo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a contaminação de água por pesticidas usados nas culturas de soja e milho na região da cidade de Dourados/MS. Para tanto, métodos de análise foram otimizados para a determinação de resíduos de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) e do seu metabólito 2,4-diclorofenol (2,4-DCF) por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência/detector espectrofotométrico (CLAE/UV); de atrazina e de seus metabólitos deisopropilatrazina (DIA), desetilatrazina (DEA) e de trifluralina e de parationa metílica por cromatografia gasosa/detector termiônico específico (CG/DTE) em amostras de água. Os critérios para a seleção destes pesticidas foram a freqüência elevada de uso e o risco potencial de contaminação do ambiente aquático. Os procedimentos experimentais envolveram préconcentração em cartucho de octadecilsilano (C18) e eluição com metanol para os analitos estudados por CLAE/UV e com a mistura acetato de etila:diclorometano (1:1, v/v) para os estudados por CG/DTE. A escolha dos sistemas de solventes foi avaliada com relação ao volume, velocidade de eluição e tempo de secagem do cartucho. O estudo de estabilidade dos pesticidas em cartucho C18 demonstrou ser viável sob temperatura de -20ºC por até 21 dias. A recuperação foi realizada em dois níveis de fortificação: para 2,4-D e 2,4-DCF (10 e 30 æg L-1), atrazina, DIA, DEA e parationa metílica (1 e 2 æg L-1) e trifluralina (10 e 20 æg L-1); Valores médios de recuperação acima de 76% foram obtidos para todos os pesticidas com valores de coeficientes de variação entre 2,1 e 8,2%, com exceção do metabólito DIA, cuja recuperação média foi de 46%.
The region of the city of Dourados/MS is an area with a high agricultural production. As consequence of the conditions under which soybean and maize are grown, they are susceptible to pest attack. Therefore, pesticides are extensively used to control pests. However, after their application, pesticide residues may translocate to water bodies. This fact constitutes a health risk because of their toxicity. So, the objective of this work was study the pesticides more intensely used in the soybean and maize crops. For that, analytical methods were optimized to determine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCF) by high-performance liquid chromatography/UV detector (HPLC/UV); atrazine and their metabolites deisopropylatrazine (DIA), deethylatrazine (DEA), trifluralin, and parathion methyl by gas chromatography/thermionic specific detector (GC/TSD) in water samples. These pesticides were selected because they are the most frequently used in this agricultural area and also due to the contamination potential with relation to the aquatic environment. The procedures involved solid-phase extraction using silica-based cartridge (C18) with methanol for elution of the pesticides studied by HPLC/UV and ethyl acetate:dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) for one studied by GC/TSD. The methods were validated with fortified samples at two concentration levels: for 2,4-D and 2,4-DCF at 30 and 10 æg L-1 for atrazine, DIA, DEA and parathion methyl at 1 and 2 æg L-1 and for trifluralin at 10 and 20 æg L-1. For most of the pesticides the average recoveries were >76% with relative standard deviation less than were bellow 2,1 and 8,2%. However, the recoveries observed for DIA in water were 4%. The stability study of these pesticides demonstrated recovery for all compounds after storage in disposable C18 cartridges at -20°C for 21 days.
The region of the city of Dourados/MS is an area with a high agricultural production. As consequence of the conditions under which soybean and maize are grown, they are susceptible to pest attack. Therefore, pesticides are extensively used to control pests. However, after their application, pesticide residues may translocate to water bodies. This fact constitutes a health risk because of their toxicity. So, the objective of this work was study the pesticides more intensely used in the soybean and maize crops. For that, analytical methods were optimized to determine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCF) by high-performance liquid chromatography/UV detector (HPLC/UV); atrazine and their metabolites deisopropylatrazine (DIA), deethylatrazine (DEA), trifluralin, and parathion methyl by gas chromatography/thermionic specific detector (GC/TSD) in water samples. These pesticides were selected because they are the most frequently used in this agricultural area and also due to the contamination potential with relation to the aquatic environment. The procedures involved solid-phase extraction using silica-based cartridge (C18) with methanol for elution of the pesticides studied by HPLC/UV and ethyl acetate:dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) for one studied by GC/TSD. The methods were validated with fortified samples at two concentration levels: for 2,4-D and 2,4-DCF at 30 and 10 æg L-1 for atrazine, DIA, DEA and parathion methyl at 1 and 2 æg L-1 and for trifluralin at 10 and 20 æg L-1. For most of the pesticides the average recoveries were >76% with relative standard deviation less than were bellow 2,1 and 8,2%. However, the recoveries observed for DIA in water were 4%. The stability study of these pesticides demonstrated recovery for all compounds after storage in disposable C18 cartridges at -20°C for 21 days.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pesticidas - Resíduos - Dourados (MS), Agua - Teor de pesticidas - Dourados (MS), Agua potavel - Dourados (MS), Quimica organica, Pesticides
Como citar
LOPES, Mara Nilza Teodoro. Pesticidas mais empregados na cultura de soja no município de Dourados (MS): determinação em água para consumo humano. 2006. 116 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química., 2006.