Plantas de cobertura em rotação com soja e milho
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Data
2012-06-20
Autores
Borges, Wander Luis Barbosa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estratégias de manejo do solo, rotação de culturas e utilização de espécies de cobertura, que protegem e mantém a fertilidade do solo, são importantes para uso dos solos sem causar o declínio de sua produtividade e da rentabilidade ao longo dos anos. A manutenção de quantidade adequada de resíduos vegetais sobre o solo, principalmente nas condições dos cerrados brasileiros, é mais difícil em função do clima, que proporciona decomposição rápida e dificuldade de produção na entressafra. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial agronômico de plantas de cobertura para a Região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, utilizadas para produção de grãos, sementes e forragem, e seus efeitos sobre a produtividade das culturas da soja e do milho, em rotação, bem como nas características físicas e químicas do solo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Votuporanga, SP e Selvíria, MS, em março de 2008, após o preparo convencional do solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, utilizando as seguintes plantas de cobertura em diferentes densidades de semeadura que constituíram os tratamentos: sorgo granífero: 6, 7 e 8 kg ha-1, milheto: 10, 15 e 20 kg ha-1, capim sudão: 12, 15 e 18 kg ha-1, híbrido de sorgo com capim Sudão: 8, 9 e 10 kg ha-1, Urochloa ruziziensis: 8, 12 e 16 kg ha-1. Também se utilizou um tratamento testemunha deixando-se quatro parcelas em pousio. No primeiro ano de estudo, após o manejo das coberturas, foi semeada a soja em sistema de semeadura direta. No segundo ano, após o manejo das coberturas, semeou-se o milho, também em sistema de semeadura direta. Avaliou-se a produtividade de matéria seca das diferentes coberturas, a cobertura do solo proporcionada pelas plantas de cobertura e pelas plantas daninhas, a absorção de...
Strategies for soil management, crop rotation and use of cover crops, which protects and maintains soil fertility are important for land use without causing a decline in their productivity and profitability over the years. The maintenance of adequate crop residues on the soil, especially under the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado, is more difficult because of the climate, which provides rapid decomposition and production difficulty during the no season. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of soybean and corn after cover crops in different plant densities used for the production of grains, seeds or fodder and straw as for the no tillage soybeans and corn, and its amendments in physical and chemical characteristics of soil in the northwest region of São Paulo. The experiments were conducted in Votuporanga, SP, Brazil and Selvíria, MS, Brazil in March 2008, after conventional tillage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, using the following cover crops at different seeding rates: Sorghum bicolor: 6, 7 and 8 kg ha-1, Pennisetum americanum, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1, Sorghum sudanense, 12, 15 and 18 kg ha-1, hybrid of Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense: 8, 9 and 10 kg ha-1, Urochloa ruziziensis: 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1. We also used a control treatment leaving four fallow plots. In the first year of study, after the management of cover crops was sowed to soybean in no tillage. In the second year after the management of cover crops, it was sowed corn, also in no tillage. We evaluated the dry matter yield of different covers, the soil cover provided by the cover plants and weeds, nutrient uptake by the covers, and the inhibitory effect on weed suppressive, the chemical and physical changes in the soil. It was concluded that: Urochloa ruziziensi and sudan grass maintained over... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Strategies for soil management, crop rotation and use of cover crops, which protects and maintains soil fertility are important for land use without causing a decline in their productivity and profitability over the years. The maintenance of adequate crop residues on the soil, especially under the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado, is more difficult because of the climate, which provides rapid decomposition and production difficulty during the no season. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of soybean and corn after cover crops in different plant densities used for the production of grains, seeds or fodder and straw as for the no tillage soybeans and corn, and its amendments in physical and chemical characteristics of soil in the northwest region of São Paulo. The experiments were conducted in Votuporanga, SP, Brazil and Selvíria, MS, Brazil in March 2008, after conventional tillage. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, using the following cover crops at different seeding rates: Sorghum bicolor: 6, 7 and 8 kg ha-1, Pennisetum americanum, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1, Sorghum sudanense, 12, 15 and 18 kg ha-1, hybrid of Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense: 8, 9 and 10 kg ha-1, Urochloa ruziziensis: 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1. We also used a control treatment leaving four fallow plots. In the first year of study, after the management of cover crops was sowed to soybean in no tillage. In the second year after the management of cover crops, it was sowed corn, also in no tillage. We evaluated the dry matter yield of different covers, the soil cover provided by the cover plants and weeds, nutrient uptake by the covers, and the inhibitory effect on weed suppressive, the chemical and physical changes in the soil. It was concluded that: Urochloa ruziziensi and sudan grass maintained over... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja, Milho, Semeadura, Solos - Manejo, Rotação de cultivos
Como citar
BORGES, Wander Luis Barbosa. Plantas de cobertura em rotação com soja e milho. 2012. 118 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2012.