Aspectos da produtividade do feijoeiro correlacionados com atributos do solo sob sistemas de manejo de elevado nível tecnológico
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Data
2009-06-25
Autores
Montanari, Rafael [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, a cultura do feijoeiro constitui-se numa das mais representativas explorações agrícolas, não só sua pela área de cultivo como também pelo valor econômico de sua produção. No ano agrícola de 2006/07, no município de Selvíria (MS), foi analisada a produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro, em função de alguns atributos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, cultivado nas condições de elevado nível tecnológico de manejo, representados pelo sistema cultivo mínimo e pelo sistema plantio direto, e irrigado com pivô central. Os objetivos foram: a) analisar, nos dois sistemas de manejo empregados, a diferença de produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro, embasada nas diferenças existentes entre os valores médios dos atributos do solo trabalhado, e b) definir o atributo do solo para os dois sistemas de preparo, que melhor se apresente para explicar a variabilidade da produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro. Para tanto, foram instaladas duas malhas geoestatísticas, uma para cada sistema de manejo, para a coleta de dados do solo e da planta, com 117 pontos amostrais cada, numa área de 2025 m2 e declive homogêneo de 0,055 m m-1. Os resultados mostraram que, em relação ao sistema cultivo mínimo do solo, no sistema plantio direto ocorreu um aumento da heterogeneidade dos atributos da planta. Já em relação aos do solo, ocorreu aumento da homogeneidade. Também, a menor produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro, ocorrida no sistema cultivo mínimo do solo, foi provavelmente devido a uma menor densidade de plantas que esse sistema proporcionou. Ainda que no sistema plantio direto o solo cultivado estivesse mais compactado, evidenciado, sobretudo, pelos maiores valores da densidade do solo, resistência à penetração e umidade volumétrica, nele ocorreu maior e significativa produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro. Dessa forma...
In Brazil, the common bean crop is one of the most representative agriculture explorations, not just for its cultivation area, as well as for its production value. The common bean crop productivity was analyzed in function of some attributes of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Typic Acrustox) in the agriculture year 2006/07, in Selviria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. It was cultivated with high technological level of management conditions by minimal tillage and no-tillage systems, irrigated by central pivot. The objectives were: a) to analyze both systems in order to obtain the difference of the common bean grains productivity, based on the existent differences among the medium values of the cultivated soil attributes, and b) to define on both systems the soil attribute that better showed the variability of the grains productivity. Two geostatistical grids were installed - one for each management system - to have the soil and plant data collected, with 117 sampling points each, in an area of 2025 m² and homogeneous slope of 0.055m m-1. Therefore, in relation to the minimal tillage system, on the no-tillage system, an increasing on the heterogeneity of the plant attributes occurred. By the other hand, there was a homogeneity increasing of the soil attributes. A minor common bean grains productivity also occurred. Due to the minor plant density provided by this system, the soil minimum tillage system, a minor bean grains productivity also occurred. Even if in the no-tillage area where the soil was more compacted, fact showed by the higher values of the bulk density and by the index cone as well as by the volumetric moisture, a major and expressive bean grains productivity occurred. So, for both soil tillage crop and no-tillage systems, such productivity could be explained through high significative mathematic models, respectively showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In Brazil, the common bean crop is one of the most representative agriculture explorations, not just for its cultivation area, as well as for its production value. The common bean crop productivity was analyzed in function of some attributes of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Typic Acrustox) in the agriculture year 2006/07, in Selviria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. It was cultivated with high technological level of management conditions by minimal tillage and no-tillage systems, irrigated by central pivot. The objectives were: a) to analyze both systems in order to obtain the difference of the common bean grains productivity, based on the existent differences among the medium values of the cultivated soil attributes, and b) to define on both systems the soil attribute that better showed the variability of the grains productivity. Two geostatistical grids were installed - one for each management system - to have the soil and plant data collected, with 117 sampling points each, in an area of 2025 m² and homogeneous slope of 0.055m m-1. Therefore, in relation to the minimal tillage system, on the no-tillage system, an increasing on the heterogeneity of the plant attributes occurred. By the other hand, there was a homogeneity increasing of the soil attributes. A minor common bean grains productivity also occurred. Due to the minor plant density provided by this system, the soil minimum tillage system, a minor bean grains productivity also occurred. Even if in the no-tillage area where the soil was more compacted, fact showed by the higher values of the bulk density and by the index cone as well as by the volumetric moisture, a major and expressive bean grains productivity occurred. So, for both soil tillage crop and no-tillage systems, such productivity could be explained through high significative mathematic models, respectively showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos – Manejo, Plantio direto, Soil management, Agricultural sustainability
Como citar
MONTANARI, Rafael. Aspectos da produtividade do feijoeiro correlacionados com atributos do solo sob sistemas de manejo de elevado nível tecnológico. 2009.. 172 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2009..