Análise termoeconômica de uma mini-estação de tratamento de esgoto com auto-suficiência energética
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Data
2007-11-05
Autores
Lamas, Wendell de Queiróz [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho é desenvolvida uma metodologia para a alocação dos custos dos produtos por uma mini-estação de tratamento de esgotos, com vistas a realizar a análise da viabilidade econômica do investimento necessário para a sua implantação, inclusive caracterizando-a como a melhor escolha a ser adotada na solução de saneamento básico em zonas rurais e em regiões de limitado poder aquisitivo, além de que tem potencial energético face à sua capacidade de transformar em eletricidadea energia contida no biogás gerado. Essa metodologia á aplicada ao sistema instalado no campus de Guaratinguetá da Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Estadual Paulista, tendo sido estabelecidas as condições iniciais a partir da realidade vivida no campus e sendo relacionadas as características termodinâmicas do sistema, a partir do seu diagrama de processo. As características associadas ao diagrama de processo possibilitam construir o diagrama funcional termoeconômico do sistema e determinar as equações referentes às funções exergéticas desse sistema e os respectivos valores das exergias associados. Após esses cálculos, elabora-se um modelo estrutural para avaliar os custos de seus produtos (biogás, biofertilizante, água em condições de re-uso e energia elétrica) e avaliar a viabilidade econômica em função do retorno de capital investido. A seguir, a mesma metodologia á aplicada a um sistema comercialmente disponível, com características de tratamento muito próximas às da mini-ETE. A partir dos resultados obtidos, é possível verificar que a mini-estação de tratamento de esgoto é uma alternativa viável e muito atraente sobre o ponto de vista técnico-econômico, pois além de apresentar auto-suficiência energética, possui um retorno de investimento de aproximadamente um terço do tempo do sistema comercialmente disponível com características semelhantes para tratamento.
In this work a methodology that allows for the allocation of costs of the generated products for a small wastewater treatment station is developed, and used to perform an analysis of its economic feasibility, to justify the investment, beside its characterization as one of the best choice to be adopted as a basic sanitation solution in rural areas, and in areas characterized by low income population, together with a major energy potential because of its capability to transform the generated biogas into electric energy. For this purpose, the methodology is applied to a system established at Guaratinguetá Campus, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University. After establishing initial conditions based on site evaluation, the thermodynamics features of the system are related based on its process diagram. Such features, associated to process diagram, make it possible to build the thermoeconomi functional diagram for the system under analysis and, after words, the equations related to exergetic functions for the system are determined and the exergy values are calculated. After these calculations, a structural model is developed, in order to provide its products costs (biogas, biofertilizer, water in reuse conditions and electric energy). The economic viability is evaluated as a function of the estimated return on investment. The same methodology is then applied to a commercially available system, with characteristics close to a small wastewater treatment station. Based on the results of this work it is possible to verify that the small wastewater treatment station is a viable and attractive alternative in the technical and economic point of view, showing self-sufficiency in energy, and a pay-back period about one-third of estimated time of the commercial system referred to with similar features.
In this work a methodology that allows for the allocation of costs of the generated products for a small wastewater treatment station is developed, and used to perform an analysis of its economic feasibility, to justify the investment, beside its characterization as one of the best choice to be adopted as a basic sanitation solution in rural areas, and in areas characterized by low income population, together with a major energy potential because of its capability to transform the generated biogas into electric energy. For this purpose, the methodology is applied to a system established at Guaratinguetá Campus, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University. After establishing initial conditions based on site evaluation, the thermodynamics features of the system are related based on its process diagram. Such features, associated to process diagram, make it possible to build the thermoeconomi functional diagram for the system under analysis and, after words, the equations related to exergetic functions for the system are determined and the exergy values are calculated. After these calculations, a structural model is developed, in order to provide its products costs (biogas, biofertilizer, water in reuse conditions and electric energy). The economic viability is evaluated as a function of the estimated return on investment. The same methodology is then applied to a commercially available system, with characteristics close to a small wastewater treatment station. Based on the results of this work it is possible to verify that the small wastewater treatment station is a viable and attractive alternative in the technical and economic point of view, showing self-sufficiency in energy, and a pay-back period about one-third of estimated time of the commercial system referred to with similar features.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Energia - Fontes alternativas, Biogas, Thermoeconomic analysis, Biogas
Como citar
LAMAS, Wendell de Queiróz. Análise termoeconômica de uma mini-estação de tratamento de esgoto com auto-suficiência energética. 2007. 135 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2007.