Identificação molecular dos peixes da bacia do alto rio Paraná
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Data
2011-02-18
Autores
Pereira, Luiz Henrique Garcia [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A identificação da diversidade biológica é um desafio nos dias atuais frente aos 10 a 15 milhões de espécies estimadas. Neste sentido, o uso de ferramentas moleculares para a identificação e caracterização de espécies tem-se mostrado promissor. Há mais de 40 anos o uso dessas ferramentas tem auxiliado na identificação de espécies, principalmente para os grupos em que ainda faltam estudos taxonômicos, são muitos especiosos e/ou se caracterizam por possuir espécies morfologicamente muito semelhantes. Recentemente foi feita uma proposta para a identificação molecular das espécies, denominada DNA barcode, com o objetivo de criar um sistema padronizado, rápido e eficaz de identificação de espécies para toda vida eucariótica. O método utiliza um fragmento de 655 pb do gene mitocondrial COI que funciona como um código de barras de DNA. A metodologia se fundamenta na premissa de que a variação nucleotídica intra-específica é sempre menor que a variação nucleotídica encontrada entre espécies, permitindo assim separá-las com uma taxa de erro insignificante. A metodologia já se mostrou bastante eficaz com resolução maior que 90% para diversos grupos animais. A bacia do Alto rio Paraná drena uma área de aproximadamente 890 mil km2 e está inserida numa das regiões mais exploradas e impactadas do Brasil. É considerada a região mais bem estuda do ponto de vista ictiofaunístico da América do Sul, apresentando uma diversidade de aproximadamente 350 espécies. No entanto, esse número ainda é incerto, frente ao elevado número de espécies já reconhecidas e não descritas e à existência de regiões ainda pouco exploradas na bacia. Assim, o uso da metodologia de identificação por DNA barcode se mostra bastante promissor para o estudo e caracterização dessa importante fauna.Diante do exposto, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: verificar...
The identification of biological diversity is a challenge due the estimated species numbers of 10 to 15 million. Thus, the use of molecular tools for identification and characterization of species has shown promising. These tools has been used for more than 40 years to aid in the species identification, mainly in groups with few taxonomic studies, with high number of species and with morphologically similar species. Recently, a new proposal to species identification was presented, called DNA barcode. The main objective is the creation of a standardized, fast and efficient methodology to identification of all eukaryotic life. The method uses a fragment of 655 bp from mitochondrial COI gene. The basis of successes of this methodology is the fact of the intraspecific nucleotide variation is lower than the interspecific variation, allowing the separation of species with insignificant error rate. The DNA barcode has proven effective, showing a resolution greater than 90% for many animal groups. The Paraná River Basin drains an area of approximately 890,000 km2 and is located in the most exploited and impacted region of Brazil. It is considered the best studied basin from South America with 350 species of fishes recognized. However, the number of species is still uncertain due the high number of species recognized but not yet described and the occurrence of regions unexplored. Thus, the DNA barcode configure a useful tool to the study and characterization of this important fauna. The objectives of this study were: assessing the efficacy of the DNA barcode methodology to identify the species from this basin; analyzing carefully the cases of possible cryptic species and; to deposit in the BOLD system the sequences obtained to contribute with barcode database. We analyzed 1360 specimens belonging to 214 nominal species and 42 species identified to the genus level. The barcode sequences were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The identification of biological diversity is a challenge due the estimated species numbers of 10 to 15 million. Thus, the use of molecular tools for identification and characterization of species has shown promising. These tools has been used for more than 40 years to aid in the species identification, mainly in groups with few taxonomic studies, with high number of species and with morphologically similar species. Recently, a new proposal to species identification was presented, called DNA barcode. The main objective is the creation of a standardized, fast and efficient methodology to identification of all eukaryotic life. The method uses a fragment of 655 bp from mitochondrial COI gene. The basis of successes of this methodology is the fact of the intraspecific nucleotide variation is lower than the interspecific variation, allowing the separation of species with insignificant error rate. The DNA barcode has proven effective, showing a resolution greater than 90% for many animal groups. The Paraná River Basin drains an area of approximately 890,000 km2 and is located in the most exploited and impacted region of Brazil. It is considered the best studied basin from South America with 350 species of fishes recognized. However, the number of species is still uncertain due the high number of species recognized but not yet described and the occurrence of regions unexplored. Thus, the DNA barcode configure a useful tool to the study and characterization of this important fauna. The objectives of this study were: assessing the efficacy of the DNA barcode methodology to identify the species from this basin; analyzing carefully the cases of possible cryptic species and; to deposit in the BOLD system the sequences obtained to contribute with barcode database. We analyzed 1360 specimens belonging to 214 nominal species and 42 species identified to the genus level. The barcode sequences were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Genética, Peixes, Parana Rio, Molecular identification
Como citar
PEREIRA, Luiz Henrique Garcia. Identificação molecular dos peixes da bacia do alto rio Paraná. 2011. 178 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2011.