Análise das relações filogenéticas entre as subfamílias de characidae (Ostariophysi: Characoformes) utilizando sequências de DNA mitocondrial e nuclear
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Data
2011-02-21
Autores
Santos, Gleisy Semencio Avelino dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Entre os Ostariophysi, os Characiformes são peixes exclusivamente de água doce e encontram-se distribuídos nas Américas e na África, atingindo maior diversidade nas principais drenagens neotropicais. Esta ordem compreende cerca de 2000 mil espécies, dividida em 18 famílias, sendo quatro africanas e as demais neotropicais. A família Characidae é o grupo mais especioso entre os Characiformes, abrangendo cerca de 1100 espécies válidas, divididas em 14 subfamílias e com diversos gêneros considerados incertae sedis. Ao longo dos anos essa família vem sofrendo várias modificações na sua classificação, mas muito pouco se conhece sobre as relações filogenéticas de seus membros constituintes. A própria monofilia da família ainda é muito discutida. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi testar a hipótese segundo a qual a família Characidae é monofilética, através da análise de sequências de DNA mitocondrial (16S, Citocromo B e ATPase 8/6) e nuclear (Rag1, Rag2, Myh6, Sreb2 e Glyt) de representantes de cada uma das subfamílias de Characidae, de gêneros considerados incertae sedis em Characidae, de todas as demais famílias de Characiformes e de representantes de Cypriniformes (como grupo externo). O monofiletismo de Characiformes é confirmado no presente estudo, corroborando vários estudos anteriores. As 14 subfamílias reconhecidas em Characidae, não formam um grupo monofilético, em nenhuma das filogenias geradas (máxima verossimilhança, máxima parcimônia e análise Bayesiana), refutando a hipótese de monofilia de Characidae. Por outro lado, muitos grupos monofiléticos foram identificados em Characiformes, inclusive um grupo de caracídeos que é identificado como família Characidae, monofilética
Among the Ostariophysi, Characiformes are exclusively freshwater fish distributed in the Americas and Africa, reaching the greatest diversity in the major drainages in the neotropics. This order comprises some 2,000 species, divided into 18 families, being four African and the remaining Neotropical. The family Characidae is the richest group among Characiformes, comprising about 1100 valid species, divided in 14 subfamilies and several genera considered incertae sedis. Over the years this family has suffering several modifications in its classification, but very little is known about the phylogenetic relationships of its members. Even the monophyly of the family is still debated. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the family Characidae is monophyletic, through of analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences (16S, Cytochrome B, and ATPase 8/6) and nuclear sequences (RAG1, RAG2, Myh6, Sreb2, and Glyt) of representatives of all the subfamilies of Characidae, of genera considered incertae sedis in Characidae, of representatives of all remained families of Characiformes, and representatives of Cypriniformes, as outgroup. The monophyly of Characiformes is confirmed in this study, corroborating several previous studies. The 14 subfamilies recognized in Characidae do not form a monophyletic group in any the generated phylogenies (maximum likelihood-ML, maximum parsimony-MP and Bayesian analysis-B), refuting the hypothesis of monophyly of Characidae. On the other hand, many monophyletic groups were identified in Characiformes, including a group of characids which is identified as a monophyletic family Characidae
Among the Ostariophysi, Characiformes are exclusively freshwater fish distributed in the Americas and Africa, reaching the greatest diversity in the major drainages in the neotropics. This order comprises some 2,000 species, divided into 18 families, being four African and the remaining Neotropical. The family Characidae is the richest group among Characiformes, comprising about 1100 valid species, divided in 14 subfamilies and several genera considered incertae sedis. Over the years this family has suffering several modifications in its classification, but very little is known about the phylogenetic relationships of its members. Even the monophyly of the family is still debated. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the family Characidae is monophyletic, through of analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences (16S, Cytochrome B, and ATPase 8/6) and nuclear sequences (RAG1, RAG2, Myh6, Sreb2, and Glyt) of representatives of all the subfamilies of Characidae, of genera considered incertae sedis in Characidae, of representatives of all remained families of Characiformes, and representatives of Cypriniformes, as outgroup. The monophyly of Characiformes is confirmed in this study, corroborating several previous studies. The 14 subfamilies recognized in Characidae do not form a monophyletic group in any the generated phylogenies (maximum likelihood-ML, maximum parsimony-MP and Bayesian analysis-B), refuting the hypothesis of monophyly of Characidae. On the other hand, many monophyletic groups were identified in Characiformes, including a group of characids which is identified as a monophyletic family Characidae
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Zoologia, Peixe, Filogenia molecular
Como citar
SANTOS, Gleisy Semencio Avelino dos. Análise das relações filogenéticas entre as subfamílias de characidae (Ostariophysi: Characoformes) utilizando sequências de DNA mitocondrial e nuclear. 2011. 143 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2011.