Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em parreiras do Estado de São Paulo e caracterização molecular da pérola-da-terra (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) em diferentes regiões do Brasil
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2013-07-29
Autores
Munhae, Catarina de Bortoli [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os cultivares de uva no Brasil abrangem as regiões Sul, Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste e apresentam poucos organismos que são considerados praga. Entretanto, cochonilhas quando presentes causam prejuízos econômicos, sendo que Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), a pérola-da-terra, é uma das principais. Devido ao hábito subterrâneo e a forma encapsulada, os danos ocasionados pela cochonilha tem como consequência o abandono ou declínio da cultura, especialmente nos vinhedos da região Sul do País. Algumas espécies de formigas do gênero Linepithema e Pheidole, podem estar associadas às infestações por pérola-da-terra como constatado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, porém não se tem informações a esse respeito no Estado de São Paulo. Da mesma maneira, não há informações em relação aos aspectos moleculares da pérola-da-terra e, assim, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de formigas subterrânea em cultivares de videira, analisando a sua possível associação com a pérola-da-terra, investigando especificamente: i) a riqueza e a abundância das formigas no subsolo no Estado de São Paulo; ii) os parreirais infestados pela pérola-da-terra e a relação com os táxons de formigas mais frequentes; iii) a caracterização molecular da pérola-da-terra em diferentes regiões do Brasil, a partir de marcadores moleculares RAPD e 28S. Para tal, foram realizadas coletas nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Pernambuco. Foram amostradas 20 espécies de formiga e não houve associação significativa entre a pérola-da-terra e a riqueza e/ou composição de espécies. Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) foi a espécie mais frequente e abundante em todos os parreirais amostrados. A caracterização molecular da pérola-da-terra resultou na formação de dois clados a partir do...
The vineyards in Brazil occur in the South, Southeast, Central-West, and Northeast regions and have few organisms that are considered pests. However, mealybugs can cause economic losses, and Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), the ground pearl, is one of the main viticulture pests. Due to the ground pearl has an underground habitat and encapsulated form, the damage caused by the mealybug causes the abandonment or decline of culture, especially in the vineyards of the South region. Some species of ants (Pheidole spp. and Linepithema spp.) may be associated with infestations of ground pearl, as found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, but there is no information in the state of São Paulo. There is no information about the molecular biology of ground pearl, and thus the aim of the study was to evaluate the diversity of subterranean ants in the vineyards to investigate their possible association with the ground pearl, specifically investigating: i) the richness and abundance of subterranean ants in the State of São Paulo, ii) the vineyards infested by ground pearl and related taxa of ants frequently, iii) the molecular characterization of ground pearl in different regions of Brazil, from RAPD and 28S molecular markers. For this, samples were collected in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Pernambuco. We sampled 20 species of ants and there was no significant association between the ground pearl and the richness and/or species composition. Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was the most common species in all the vineyards. The molecular characterization of ground pearl resulted in two clades from the gene 28S and three groups, based on RAPD primers. According to the results we can infer the possibility of at least two groups of ground pearl in different regions sampled. However... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The vineyards in Brazil occur in the South, Southeast, Central-West, and Northeast regions and have few organisms that are considered pests. However, mealybugs can cause economic losses, and Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), the ground pearl, is one of the main viticulture pests. Due to the ground pearl has an underground habitat and encapsulated form, the damage caused by the mealybug causes the abandonment or decline of culture, especially in the vineyards of the South region. Some species of ants (Pheidole spp. and Linepithema spp.) may be associated with infestations of ground pearl, as found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, but there is no information in the state of São Paulo. There is no information about the molecular biology of ground pearl, and thus the aim of the study was to evaluate the diversity of subterranean ants in the vineyards to investigate their possible association with the ground pearl, specifically investigating: i) the richness and abundance of subterranean ants in the State of São Paulo, ii) the vineyards infested by ground pearl and related taxa of ants frequently, iii) the molecular characterization of ground pearl in different regions of Brazil, from RAPD and 28S molecular markers. For this, samples were collected in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Pernambuco. We sampled 20 species of ants and there was no significant association between the ground pearl and the richness and/or species composition. Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was the most common species in all the vineyards. The molecular characterization of ground pearl resulted in two clades from the gene 28S and three groups, based on RAPD primers. According to the results we can infer the possibility of at least two groups of ground pearl in different regions sampled. However... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Palavras-chave
Ants, Formiga, Cochonilha - Aspectos moleculares, Pragas agricolas, Uva - Doenças e pragas, Uva - Cultivo - São Paulo (Estado), Entomologia
Como citar
MUNHAE, Catarina de Bortoli. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em parreiras do Estado de São Paulo e caracterização molecular da pérola-da-terra (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) em diferentes regiões do Brasil. 2013. 108 f. Tese - (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2013.