Comparative morphology of pond, stream and phytotelm-dwelling tadpoles of the South American Redbelly Toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Melanophryniscus)
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Data
2014-07-01
Autores
Baldo, Diego
Vera Candioti, Florencia
Haad, Belen
Kolenc, Francisco
Borteiro, Claudio
Pereyra, Martin O.
Zank, Caroline
Colombo, Patrick
Bornschein, Marcos R.
Netto Sisa, Flavia
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Wiley-Blackwell
Resumo
We present a comprehensive review of larval morphology in the Neotropical toad genus Melanophryniscus. The taxa studied included 23 species with representatives of recognized phenetic groups and different larval ecomorphological guilds: pond, stream, and phytotelm-dwelling tadpoles. Their external morphology variation is congruent with current phenetic arrangement based on adult features, but also reflects the habitat where larvae develop. Lotic tadpoles (i.e. M.tumifrons group and M.krauczuki) in general exhibit a more depressed body, a longer tail with lower fins, and larger oral discs than lentic forms (i.e. M.stelzneri group, M.moreirae, M.sanmartini, and M.langonei). Despite their peculiar, confined microhabitat, phytotelm larvae do not diverge markedly from non-arboreal species. The distinctive features of all species are the presence of a pineal end organ and the placement of the intestinal reversal point at the left of the abdomen in typical larval stages. The buccal cavity and musculoskeletal anatomy are quite conserved between species, yet some characteristics differ from those of other bufonids. The presence of one pair of subhyoid muscles is apparently an exclusive trait of Melanophryniscus among Bufonidae.(c) 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 112, 417-441.
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amphibian, buccal cavity, chondrocranium, cranial muscles, hyobranchial skeleton, lentic tadpoles, lotic tadpoles, phytotelm tadpoles, South America
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Biological Journal Of The Linnean Society. Hoboken: Wiley-blackwell, v. 112, n. 3, p. 417-441, 2014.