Metodologia para análise energética e exergética de uma caldeira aquatubular com queima de bagaço de cana
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Data
2014-09-29
Autores
Arruda Filho, Ricardo Rabelo de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesse trabalho foi realizada uma modelagem termodinâmica de uma caldeira aquatubular de bagaço com capacidade de produção de vapor a uma vazão mássica de 38,88 kg/s (140 t/h) a uma pressão de 2.255,53 KPa (23 kgf/cm2) e a temperatura de 330ºC. A caldeira foi dividida em sete volumes de controle sendo eles: câmara de combustão, superaquecedor, evaporador, pré-ar secundário, pré-ar primário, economizador e lavador de gases. Aplicaram-se os princípios da primeira (análise energética) e segunda leis (análise exergética) da termodinâmica para cada um dos volumes de controles. A análise energética é bem difundida para avaliar caldeiras, porém, será efetuada nesse trabalho para efeito de comparação com outras. A análise de caldeiras ainda é pouco difundida para análise de eficiências de caldeiras, porém, é uma ferramenta eficaz que permite identificar as irreversibilidades do processo. Para ambas as análises serão utilizados dados reais de uma caldeira de bagaço mde cana a partir do seu seu manual. A divisão da caldeira em partes tem como objetivo avaliar cada um dos seus componentes e identificar as irreversibilidades. Dessa forma, sugere-se propostas de melhorias para aumentar a eficiência energética dos componentes e consequentemente o aumento da eficiência energética e exergética globais de caldeira. Os resultados obtidos da análise energética e exergética de cada um dos volumes de controles foram apresentados através dos diagramas de Sankey e Grassman. Como as caldeiras para a queima do bagaço em sua maioria possuem os mesmos componentes, espera-se que este trabalho sirva como referência para análise e desenvolvimento de projetos de caldeiras de bagaço mais eficientes
This work carried out with a thermodynamic modeling of a water-tube bagasse bolier with steam production capacity at mass flow rate of 38.88 Kg/s (140 t/h), pressure of 2.255,53 KPa (23 kgf/cm2) and temperature of 330ºC. The boiler was divided into six volume controls: combustion chamber, superheater, evaporator, secondary air, primary air and economizer. To each volume control, principles of the firt law (energy analysis) and the second law (energy analysis) of thermodynamics were applied. The energy analysis is already well known to evaluate boilers, but it was performed in this work with the purpose of comparison with others. The energy analysis of boilers is still little known as a means of evaluating boilers efficiencies; it is, however, an effective tool which allows the identification of the process irreversibility. Actual data of a bagasse boiler datasheet were for both types of analysis. The division of the boiler into parts aims at evaluationg each of its components and identifying irreversibility. Thus, proposals for improvements were made to encrease energy and exergy efficiency of components so that the energy and energy efficiency of the entire boiler increases as well. The results of the energy and exergy analysis of these volume controls were presented through Sankey and Grassmann diagrams. As most of bagasse boilers have the same components, it is expected that this work will serve as a standard for the analysis and the development of projects for more efficiency bagasse boilers
This work carried out with a thermodynamic modeling of a water-tube bagasse bolier with steam production capacity at mass flow rate of 38.88 Kg/s (140 t/h), pressure of 2.255,53 KPa (23 kgf/cm2) and temperature of 330ºC. The boiler was divided into six volume controls: combustion chamber, superheater, evaporator, secondary air, primary air and economizer. To each volume control, principles of the firt law (energy analysis) and the second law (energy analysis) of thermodynamics were applied. The energy analysis is already well known to evaluate boilers, but it was performed in this work with the purpose of comparison with others. The energy analysis of boilers is still little known as a means of evaluating boilers efficiencies; it is, however, an effective tool which allows the identification of the process irreversibility. Actual data of a bagasse boiler datasheet were for both types of analysis. The division of the boiler into parts aims at evaluationg each of its components and identifying irreversibility. Thus, proposals for improvements were made to encrease energy and exergy efficiency of components so that the energy and energy efficiency of the entire boiler increases as well. The results of the energy and exergy analysis of these volume controls were presented through Sankey and Grassmann diagrams. As most of bagasse boilers have the same components, it is expected that this work will serve as a standard for the analysis and the development of projects for more efficiency bagasse boilers
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Caldeiras, Análise energética, Grassmann, Teoria da extensão de, Boilers
Como citar
ARRUDA FILHO, Ricardo Rabelo de. Metodologia para análise energética e exergética de uma caldeira aquatubular com queima de bagaço de cana. 2014. 88 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2014.