Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) e seus inimigos naturais em Pinus taeda e caracterização morfológica de Deladenus siricidicola
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2014-07-02
Autores
Batista, Elder Simões de Paula [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Espécies de pínus são plantadas em vários países e a área plantada no Brasil ocupa atualmente 1.562.782 hectares. O Estado de São Paulo possui 144.802 ha de pínus plantado e junto com os estados da região Sul do país possuem 94% da área brasileira. A principal praga dessa cultura é a vespa-damadeira Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) e está presente em mais de 1.000.000 ha no país. A utilização de métodos silviculturais e controle biológico auxiliam no controle dessa praga. No Brasil ela é considerada sob controle, com relatos esporádicos de surtos. Sendo assim, é importante prever a dispersão e ocorrência de novos surtos da praga para manter sua população controlada. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram desenvolver uma ferramenta para definir a susceptibilidade de talhões à ocorrência da praga; verificar o controle proporcionado pelos principais inimigos naturais da vespa-da-madeira; e caracterizar morfologicamente a população de Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola presente no Brasil através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia ótica. Verificou-se que a metodologia de atribuição de níveis de risco de ocorrência da vespa-da-madeira poderá ser adotada como ferramenta para auxiliar o gerenciamento dos povoamentos de pínus em relação à ocorrência da praga, já que os níveis de risco atribuídos e o ataque efetivamente observados apresentaram relação direta (r=0,5127). A partir dessa metodologia foi desenvolvido uma planilha eletrônica no qual o usuário pode preencher os dados dos talhões de pínus plantado e o nível de risco é calculado automaticamente. Constatouse que o parasitoide I. leucospoides está bem estabelecido na região estudada e proporciona nível de controle em torno de 40% em talhões onde o nematoide não foi aplicado. O nematoide não apresentou alto índice de parasitismo, possivelmente em função da baixa ocorrência da vespa-da-madeira, provocada ...
Pine species are planted in various countries and the current area occupied by this crop in Brazil is 1.562.782 hectares. São Paulo State has 144.802 ha of pine stands and in addition to the southern States, they have 94% of the Brazilian area occupied with pine. This crop’s main pest is the sirex woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) which is present in more than 1,000,000 ha in the country. The employment of silvicultural and biological control methods help in monitoring and controlling such pest and allow to keep it under control, with some outbreaks reported occasionally. This way, the need is to predict the pest’s spread and occurrence. Therefore, the objectives in this thesis were develop a tool to define the susceptible of pine stands to the occurrence of the pest; verify the control promoted by the sirex woodwasp’s main natural enemies; and morphologically characterize the population of Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola present in Brazil using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. We verified the risk-level prediction methodology can be used as a tool to assist the management of the pine stands in relation to the pest’s occurence, as the risk-levels attributed and the effectively observed attack presented direct relation (r=0,5127). From this methodology an electronic sheet was developed, in which the user can fill with pine stands data and the risk-level is automatically calculated. We observed that the parasitoid I. leucospoides is well established in the region studied as it promotes a control level around 40% in stands where the nematode was not applied. The nematode didnnot presented a high parasitism, possibly due to the low occurrence of the sirex woodwasp, promoted by the control measures in previous years. Beside this, it was presented morphometric data of the population of D. siricidicola present in Brazil, highlighting some morphological traits not described before, such as the ...
Pine species are planted in various countries and the current area occupied by this crop in Brazil is 1.562.782 hectares. São Paulo State has 144.802 ha of pine stands and in addition to the southern States, they have 94% of the Brazilian area occupied with pine. This crop’s main pest is the sirex woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) which is present in more than 1,000,000 ha in the country. The employment of silvicultural and biological control methods help in monitoring and controlling such pest and allow to keep it under control, with some outbreaks reported occasionally. This way, the need is to predict the pest’s spread and occurrence. Therefore, the objectives in this thesis were develop a tool to define the susceptible of pine stands to the occurrence of the pest; verify the control promoted by the sirex woodwasp’s main natural enemies; and morphologically characterize the population of Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola present in Brazil using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. We verified the risk-level prediction methodology can be used as a tool to assist the management of the pine stands in relation to the pest’s occurence, as the risk-levels attributed and the effectively observed attack presented direct relation (r=0,5127). From this methodology an electronic sheet was developed, in which the user can fill with pine stands data and the risk-level is automatically calculated. We observed that the parasitoid I. leucospoides is well established in the region studied as it promotes a control level around 40% in stands where the nematode was not applied. The nematode didnnot presented a high parasitism, possibly due to the low occurrence of the sirex woodwasp, promoted by the control measures in previous years. Beside this, it was presented morphometric data of the population of D. siricidicola present in Brazil, highlighting some morphological traits not described before, such as the ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pragas agricolas - Controle biologico, Pinus taeda, Inseto, Vespa, Himenoptero, Wasps
Como citar
BATISTA, Elder Simões de Paula. Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) e seus inimigos naturais em Pinus taeda e caracterização morfológica de Deladenus siricidicola. 2014. viii, 85 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2014.