Efeito da estrutura espacial de cobertura arbórea na comunidade de aves em parques urbanos no município de Jundiaí, SP
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Data
2014-06-11
Autores
Bonança, Renan Augusto [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A urbanização propicia complexa relação entre o sistema natural e pessoas e através de ferramentas de geoprocessamento é possível analisar espacialmente estas relações. Neste estudo considera-se que a cobertura arbórea circunvizinha aos parques urbanos tem relação significativa com sua avifauna. Assim foram selecionados quatro parques (Jardim Botânico (BOT), Corrupira (COR), Parque da Cidade (PQC) e Tulipas (TUL)) de diferentes características no município de Jundiaí, SP. Com auxílio do programa Quantum GIS, mapas de cobertura da terra foram gerados fotografias aéreas digitais e em um raio de 1.000 e 2.000 metros com origem no centróide dos parques, e também de 50,100, 250 e 500m nos pontos fixos. Usando estes mapas, foram levantadas métricas da paisagem com o programa Fragstats. Para avifauna, registraram-se espécies em trilhas já existentes, mais registros de três pontos fixos por parques em visitas mensais. Com teste de Kruskal-Wallis verificou-se diferença entre as coberturas arbóreas na paisagem de 250m, para COR/PQC (p=0,031) e COR/TUL (p=0,013) e na paisagem de 500m para BOT/TUL (p=0,042), COR/PQC (p=0,042) e COR/TUL (p=0,002). Registrou-se 142 espécies de aves, correspondente a 40% das já registradas no município, sendo 26% possui média sensibilidade a perturbações e apenas uma espécie possui alta sensibilidade. Entre os quatro parques houve maior similiridade para BOT/TUL (Sorensen=76,9%), destacando COR, com 27 espécies exclusivas. Encontrou-se relação significativa entre número de contatos e área do parque, e entre cobertura arbórea e espécies com dependência florestal e sensíveis. Nos pontos fixos ocorreram relações positivas entre dependência florestal e sensibilidade versus cobertura arbórea e negativa para contatos e cobertura arbórea. Não ficou clara a relação entre cobertura arbórea e avifauna. Entretanto, considerando as relações aqui encontradas, não deve-se restringir a...
Urbanization provides complex relationship between the natural environment and people and using geoprocessing tools can spatially analyze these relations. In this study it's we hipothesited that the tree cover surrounding urban parks has a significant relationship with their birds. We studied four parks (Botânico (BOT), Corrupira (COR), Parque da Cidade (PQC) and Tulipas (TUL) having different characteristics in Jundiaí (SP, Brazil). Through the software Quantum GIS, land cover maps were elaborated using digital aerial photograph and in a radius of 1.000 and 2.000 meters from the centroid of the parks, and also of 50,100,250 and 500m in fixed points (point count). Using such maps landscapes metrics were surveyed with software fragstats. Birds, species were recorded on existing tracks, joined records from three fixed points by park in montlhly visits. The kruskal-Wallis statistical test showed difference between woodland coverage in the landscape of 250m for COR/PQC (p=0.031) and COR/TUL (p=0.013) was observed, and the landscape of 500m to BOT/TUL (p=0.042), COR/PQC (p=0.042) and COR/TUL (p=0.002). We reported 142 bird species, representing 40% of the total already registered in the municipality, being 26% of species having intermediate sensibility to disturbances and only one with high sensitivity. We observed higher similarity to BOT/TUL (Sorensen=76.9%), highlighting COR with 27 exclusive species. We found relationship between number of contacts and the park area, and between woodland coverage and forest species dependence and sensitive. For fixed points positive relationships occurred between forest dependence and sensitivity versus woodland cover, and negative for contacts and woodland coverage. The influence of woodland cover on the bird community was not clearly evidenced. Nevertheless, considering the relationships found here, the creation of new parks should not be driven considering only these regulations, because areas with...
Urbanization provides complex relationship between the natural environment and people and using geoprocessing tools can spatially analyze these relations. In this study it's we hipothesited that the tree cover surrounding urban parks has a significant relationship with their birds. We studied four parks (Botânico (BOT), Corrupira (COR), Parque da Cidade (PQC) and Tulipas (TUL) having different characteristics in Jundiaí (SP, Brazil). Through the software Quantum GIS, land cover maps were elaborated using digital aerial photograph and in a radius of 1.000 and 2.000 meters from the centroid of the parks, and also of 50,100,250 and 500m in fixed points (point count). Using such maps landscapes metrics were surveyed with software fragstats. Birds, species were recorded on existing tracks, joined records from three fixed points by park in montlhly visits. The kruskal-Wallis statistical test showed difference between woodland coverage in the landscape of 250m for COR/PQC (p=0.031) and COR/TUL (p=0.013) was observed, and the landscape of 500m to BOT/TUL (p=0.042), COR/PQC (p=0.042) and COR/TUL (p=0.002). We reported 142 bird species, representing 40% of the total already registered in the municipality, being 26% of species having intermediate sensibility to disturbances and only one with high sensitivity. We observed higher similarity to BOT/TUL (Sorensen=76.9%), highlighting COR with 27 exclusive species. We found relationship between number of contacts and the park area, and between woodland coverage and forest species dependence and sensitive. For fixed points positive relationships occurred between forest dependence and sensitivity versus woodland cover, and negative for contacts and woodland coverage. The influence of woodland cover on the bird community was not clearly evidenced. Nevertheless, considering the relationships found here, the creation of new parks should not be driven considering only these regulations, because areas with...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parques, Análise espacial (Estatística), Urbanização, Parks
Como citar
BONANÇA, Renan Augusto. Efeito da estrutura espacial de cobertura arbórea na comunidade de aves em parques urbanos no município de Jundiaí, SP. 2014. 71 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2014.