Artigos - Doenças Tropicais e Diagnósticos por Imagem - FMB

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Using infrared spectroscopy of serum and chemometrics for diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis
(2022-11-30) Koehler, Alessandra; Scroferneker, Maria Lúcia; Pereira, Beatriz Aparecida Soares [UNESP]; Pereira de Souza, Nikolas Mateus; de Souza Cavalcante, Ricardo [UNESP]; Mendes, Rinaldo Pôncio [UNESP]; Corbellini, Valeriano Antonio; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic granulomatous mycosis endemic to Latin America, whose etiologic agents are fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. PCM is usually diagnosed by microscopic observation of the fungus in biological samples, combined or not with other techniques such as serological methods. However, all currently used diagnostic methods have limitations. The objective of this study was to develop a method based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometric analysis for PCM diagnosis. We included 224 serum samples: 132 PCM sera, 24 aspergillosis sera, 10 cryptococcosis sera, 8 histoplasmosis sera, and 50 sera from healthy blood donors. Samples were analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR), and chemometric analyses including exploratory analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and a classification method (PCM and non-PCM) through orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The spectra were similar, with the main bands up to approximately 1652 cm–1 and 1543 cm–1 (amide I and amide II bands). This same region was mainly responsible for the partial separation of the samples in PCA. The OPLS-DA model correctly classified all serum samples with only one latent variable, with a determination coefficient (R²) higher than 0.999 for both the calibration set and prediction set. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% for both sets, showing better performance than the reference diagnostic methods. Therefore, the use of FTIR/ATR together with OPLS-DA modeling proved to be a promising method for PCM diagnosis.
Analysis of data with dependent measures in clinical and experimental studies
(2023-01-01) Miot, Hélio Amante [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Time between symptom and testing in relation to familial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(2023-01-01) Menezes, Daiane Cabrera [UNESP]; Perico, Jonatas [UNESP]; Martins, Bruna Letícia [UNESP]; Belone, Andrea de Faria Fernandes; Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco [UNESP]; Santana, Fabiana Covolo de Souza; Latini, Ana Carla Pereira [UNESP]; de Souza, Vania Nieto Brito [UNESP]; Secretaria de Estado da Saúde; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Brazil has a huge number of cases and deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, few studies have dealt with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among familial contacts in Brazil. Here, we report our findings on transmission in a family-based study in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The study, conducted from July to November 2020, comprised 974 individuals with 233 index patients and 741 familial contacts. Familial contacts were evaluated using the rapid COVID-19 Ag ECO and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests immediately after the index patient diagnosis. The antigen-based rapid test was validated in 121 individuals using RT-PCR as the gold standard. Additionally, 30 days later, familial contacts were evaluated for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. We found 333 cases of COVID-19 among familial contacts (44.9%). A positive correlation was observed between the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms until the index patient’s COVID-19 testing and the number of family contacts infected by SARS-CoV-2. Early SARSCoV-2 testing and familial contact evaluation are relevant strategies to contain transmission.
Morphofunctional Improvement of the Facial Nerve and Muscles with Repair Using Heterologous Fibrin Biopolymer and Photobiomodulation
(2023-05-01) Bueno, Cleuber Rodrigo de Souza; Tonin, Maria Clara Cassola; Buchaim, Daniela Vieira; Barraviera, Benedito [UNESP]; Junior, Rui Seabra Ferreira [UNESP]; Santos, Paulo Sérgio da Silva; Reis, Carlos Henrique Bertoni; Pastori, Cláudio Maldonado; Pereira, Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli; Nogueira, Dayane Maria Braz; Cini, Marcelo Augusto; Rosa Junior, Geraldo Marco; Buchaim, Rogerio Leone; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI); University of Marilia (UNIMAR; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Marilia (UNIMAR); University of West Paulista (UNOESTE); Faculty of the Midwest Paulista (FACOP)
Peripheral nerve injuries impair the patient’s functional capacity, including those occurring in the facial nerve, which require effective medical treatment. Thus, we investigated the use of heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) in the repair of the buccal branch of the facial nerve (BBFN) associated with photobiomodulation (PBM), using a low-level laser (LLLT), analyzing the effects on axons, muscles facials, and functional recovery. This experimental study used twenty-one rats randomly divided into three groups of seven animals, using the BBFN bilaterally (the left nerve was used for LLLT): Control group—normal and laser (CGn and CGl); Denervated group—normal and laser (DGn and DGl); Experimental Repair Group—normal and laser (ERGn and ERGl). The photobiomodulation protocol began in the immediate postoperative period and continued for 5 weeks with a weekly application. After 6 weeks of the experiment, the BBFN and the perioral muscles were collected. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in nerve fiber diameter (7.10 ± 0.25 µm and 8.00 ± 0.36 µm, respectively) and axon diameter (3.31 ± 0.19 µm and 4.07 ± 0.27 µm, respectively) between ERGn and ERGl. In the area of muscle fibers, ERGl was similar to GC. In the functional analysis, the ERGn and the ERGI (4.38 ± 0.10) and the ERGI (4.56 ± 0.11) showed parameters of normality. We show that HFB and PBM had positive effects on the morphological and functional stimulation of the buccal branch of the facial nerve, being an alternative and favorable for the regeneration of severe injuries.
Staphylococcus aureus and CA-MRSA Carriage among Brazilian Indians Living in Peri-Urban Areas and Remote Communities
(2023-05-01) Abraão, Lígia Maria [UNESP]; Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco [UNESP]; Camargo, Carlos Henrique; Barbosa, Thaís Alves [UNESP]; Pereira-Franchi, Eliane Patrícia Lino [UNESP]; Riboli, Danilo Flávio Moraes [UNESP]; Hubinger, Luiza [UNESP]; Bonesso, Mariana Fávero [UNESP]; Medeiros de Souza, Rodrigo; Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha, Maria de Lourdes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Hospital Samaritano Higienopolis; Adolfo Lutz Institute—IAL; Federal University of Acre—UFAC
The emergence of Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections among indigenous populations has been reported. Usually, indigenous communities live in extreme poverty and are at risk of acquiring infections. In Brazil, healthcare inequality is observed in this population. To date, there are no reports of CA-MRSA infections, and no active search for asymptomatic S. aureus carriage has been conducted among Brazilian Indians. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of colonization with S. aureus and CA-MRSA among Brazilian Indians. We screened 400 Indians (from near urban areas and remote hamlets) for S. aureus and CA-MRSA colonization. The isolates were submitted to clonal profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and selected isolates were submitted to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among 931 specimens (nasal and oral) from different indigenous individuals in remote hamlets, S. aureus was cultured in 190 (47.6%). Furthermore, CA-MRSA was found in three isolates (0.7%), all SCCmec type IV. PFGE analysis identified 21 clusters among the S. aureus isolates, and MLST analysis showed a predominance of sequence type 5 among these isolates. Our study revealed a higher prevalence of S. aureus carriage among Shanenawa ethnicity individuals (41.1%). Therefore, ethnicity appears to be associated with the prevalence of S. aureus in these populations.
Secondary syphilis concomitant with primary lesion and early neurosyphilis in a kidney transplant recipient
(2023-01-01) Shwetz, Ana Claudia Athanasio [UNESP]; Almeida, Gabriel Berg de [UNESP]; Cavalcante, Ricardo de Souza [UNESP]; Schmitt, Juliano Vilaverde [UNESP]; Abbade, Luciana Patrícia Fernandes [UNESP]; Almeida, Ricardo Augusto Monteiro de Barros [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
On the characterization of the effluvium following COVID-19 infection
(2023-01-01) Miola, A. C. [UNESP]; Ramos, P. M. [UNESP]; Mazeto, I. F.S. [UNESP]; Brommonschenkel, C. C. [UNESP]; Miot, H. A. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma: report of a rare and exuberant case simulating lipoma
(2023-01-01) Alfredo, Melissa de Almeida Corrêa [UNESP]; Lacerda, Priscila Neri [UNESP]; Abreu, Ana Flávia Teixeira [UNESP]; Carneiro, Alexandre Morais [UNESP]; Campos, Eloisa Bueno Pires [UNESP]; Miot, Helio Amante [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare tumor that affects men between 10-20 years old and represents 25% of Ewing sarcomas. We report a case due to the previous diagnosis of a fast-growing lipoma to highlight the importance of histopathological diagnosis. A 14-year-old boy presented 10x10 cm tumor in the right shoulder for a year with ultrasonography suggesting lipoma. The lesion was excised and EES was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. EES diagnosis in young people is challenging compared to subcutaneous tumors, and histopathology is essential. The rapid progression of the tumor and high metastatic rates highlight the significance of early treatment.
Challenges and Opportunities in Clinical Diagnostic Routine of Envenomation Using Blood Plasma Proteomics
(2023-03-01) Cavalcante, Joeliton dos Santos [UNESP]; de Almeida, Denis Emanuel Garcia [UNESP]; Moraes, Micael Saggion [UNESP]; Santos, Sophia Ribeiro [UNESP]; Pincinato, Pedro Moriel [UNESP]; Riciopo, Pedro Marques [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Laís Lacerda B.; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo; Ferreira-Junior, Rui Seabra [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal University of Ceará (UFC); Amazonas State University
Specific and sensitive tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of accidents by venomous animals are urgently needed. Several diagnostic and monitoring assays have been developed; however, they have not yet reached the clinic. This has resulted in late diagnoses, which represents one of the main causes of progression from mild to severe disease. Human blood is a protein-rich biological fluid that is routinely collected in hospital settings for diagnostic purposes, which can translate research progress from the laboratory to the clinic. Although it is a limited view, blood plasma proteins provide information about the clinical picture of envenomation. Proteome disturbances in response to envenomation by venomous animals have been identified, allowing mass spectrometry (MS)-based plasma proteomics to emerge as a tool in a range of clinical diagnostics and disease management that can be applied to cases of venomous animal envenomation. Here, we provide a review of the state of the art on routine laboratory diagnoses of envenomation by snakes, scorpions, bees, and spiders, as well as a review of the diagnostic methods and the challenges encountered. We present the state of the art on clinical proteomics as the standardization of procedures to be performed within and between research laboratories, favoring a more excellent peptide coverage of candidate proteins for biomarkers. Therefore, the selection of a sample type and method of preparation should be very specific and based on the discovery of biomarkers in specific approaches. However, the sample collection protocol (e.g., collection tube type) and the processing procedure of the sample (e.g., clotting temperature, time allowed for clotting, and anticoagulant used) are equally important to eliminate any bias.
The combination of omics strategies to evaluate starter and probiotic strains in the Catharina sour Brazilian-style beer
(2023-05-01) Herkenhoff, Marcos Edgar; Battistini, Carolina; Praia, Ana Beatriz; Rossini, Bruno Cesar [UNESP]; dos Santos, Lucilene Delazari [UNESP]; Brödel, Oliver; Frohme, Marcus; Saad, Susana Marta Isay; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau
Catharina sour, the first internationally recognized Brazilian beer, is characterized by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which may have probiotic potential, and the addition of fruit juice. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the starter Streptococcus thermophilus TH‐4 (TH‐4) and the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F19 and 431, associated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05, in the absence (control)/presence of passion fruit or peach juices. Evaluation proceeded during fermentation and storage by enumeration using pour-plate and qPCR; gene expressions of hop resistance; proteome by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); and odor, flavor, and metabolome by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME), coupled with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. We concluded that the strains studied are recommended for applications in sour beers, due to the presence of defense mechanisms like membrane adhesion and H + pump. Furthermore, HS-SPME/GC-MS indicated that the strains may contribute to the beer flavor and odor.
Case for diagnosis. Vascular malformations, hemihypertrophy and macrodactyly: Proteus syndrome
(2023-05-01) Barbosa, Bárbara Elias do Carmo [UNESP]; Alfredo, Melissa de Almeida Corrêa [UNESP]; Abbade, Luciana Patrícia Fernandes [UNESP]; Miot, Hélio Amante [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Reproducibility of double agar gel immunodiffusion test using stored serum and plasma from paracoccidioidomycosis patients
(2023-01-01) Tomazini, Karina Andressa [UNESP]; Pereira, Beatriz Aparecida Soares [UNESP]; Sylvestre, Tatiane Fernanda; de Souza Cavalcante, Ricardo [UNESP]; de Carvalho, Lídia Raquel [UNESP]; Mendes, Rinaldo Poncio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Anhanguera School of Bauru
Background: Serological evaluation performed by double agar gel immunodiffusion test (DID) is used for diagnosis, evaluation of severity, management of paracoccidioidomycosis patients, and development of new clinical studies. For these reasons, the Botucatu Medical School of UNESP maintains a serum bank at the Experimental Research Unit with patient clinical data. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the freeze-thaw cycle and different blood matrices on the titration of circulating antibodies. Methods: The study included 207 patients with confirmed (etiology-demonstrated) or probable (serology-demonstrated) paracoccidioidomycosis, and DID was performed with culture filtrate from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis B339 as antigen. First experiment: the antibody levels were determined in serum samples from 160 patients with the chronic form and 20 with the acute/subacute form, stored at –80oC for more than six months. Second experiment: titers of 81 samples of serum and plasma with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or heparin, from 27 patients, were compared according to matrix and effect of storage at –20oC for up to six months. Differences of titers higher than one dilution were considered discordant. Results: First experiment: test and retest presented concordant results in serum stored for up to three years, and discordant titers in low incidence in storage for four to six years but high incidence when stored for more than six years, including conversion from reagent test to non-reagent retest. Second experiment: serum, plasma-EDTA and plasma-heparin samples showed concordant titers, presenting direct correlation, with no interference of storage for up to six months. Conclusions: Storage at –80oC for up to six years has no or little influence on the serum titers determined by DID, permitting its safe use in studies depending on this parameter. The concordant titrations in different blood matrices demonstrated that the plasma can be used for immunodiffusion test in paracoccidioidomycosis, with stability for at least six months after storage at –20oC.
Recombinant protein KR95 as an alternative for serological diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas
(2023-03-01) Fujimori, Mahyumi; Valencia-Portillo, Ruth Tamara; Lauletta Lindoso, José Angelo; Celeste, Beatriz Julieta; de Almeida, Roque Pacheco; Nery Costa, Carlos Henrique; da Cruz, Alda Maria; Druzian, Angelita Fernandes; Duthie, Malcolm Scott; Branco Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Ana Lúcia Lyrio; Miranda Paniago, Anamaria Mello; Queiroz, Igor Thiago; Reed, Steve; Vallur, Aarthy C.; Goto, Hiro; Arroyo Sanchez, Maria Carmen; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Secretaria de Estado da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Universidade Federal do Piauí; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS); HDT Bio; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Secretaria Estadual da Saúde Pública; InBios International Inc
In the Americas, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, leading to death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. In Brazil, the disease reaches all regions, and in 2020, 1,933 VL cases were reported with 9.5% lethality. Thus, an accurate diagnosis is essential to provide the appropriate treatment. Serological VL diagnosis is based mainly on immunochromatographic tests, but their performance may vary by location, and evaluation of diagnostic alternatives is necessary. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of ELISA with the scantily studied recombinant antigens, K18 and KR95, comparing their performance with the already known rK28 and rK39. Sera from parasitologically confirmed symptomatic VL patients (n = 90) and healthy endemic controls (n = 90) were submitted to ELISA with rK18 and rKR95. Sensitivity (95% CI) was, respectively, 83.3% (74.2–89.7) and 95.6% (88.8–98.6), and specificity (95% CI) was 93.3% (85.9–97.2) and 97.8% (91.8–99.9). For validation of ELISA with the recombinant antigens, we included samples from 122 VL patients and 83 healthy controls collected in three regions in Brazil (Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest). When comparing the results obtained with the VL patients’ samples, significantly lower sensitivity was obtained by rK18-ELISA (88.5%, 95% CI: 81.5–93.2) compared with rK28-ELISA (95.9%, 95% CI: 90.5–98.5), but the sensitivity was similar comparing rKR95-ELISA (95.1%, 95% CI: 89.5–98.0), rK28-ELISA (95.9%, 95% CI: 90.5–98.5), and rK39-ELISA (94.3%, 95% CI: 88.4–97.4). Analyzing the specificity, it was lowest with rK18-ELISA (62.7%, 95% CI: 51.9–72.3) with 83 healthy control samples. Conversely, higher and similar specificity was obtained by rKR95-ELISA (96.4%, 95% CI: 89.5–99.2), rK28-ELISA (95.2%, 95% CI: 87.9–98.5), and rK39-ELISA (95.2%, 95% CI: 87.9–98.5). There was no difference in sensitivity and specificity across localities. Cross-reactivity assessment, performed with sera of patients diagnosed with inflammatory disorders and other infectious diseases, was 34.2% with rK18-ELISA and 3.1% with rKR95-ELISA. Based on these data, we suggest using recombinant antigen KR95 in serological assays for VL diagnosis.
Pressure Injury Risk Assessment in Pediatric Intensive Care: A Prospective Validation Study of the Glamorgan Scale and Predictive Comparison with the Braden Q Scale
(2023-03-01) Vocci, Marcelli Christine [UNESP]; Amante Miot, Hélio [UNESP]; Mendes Bertoncello Fontes, Cassiana [UNESP]; Fernandes Abbade, Luciana Patricia [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
OBJECTIVE To validate the Glamorgan Scale and compare its predictive ability in assessing pressure injury risk among patients in a pediatric ICU (PICU) with that of the Braden Q Scale. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed to validate the Glamorgan Scale and compare its predictive ability with the Braden Q Scale in a PICU population. A total of 83 patients admitted in the PICU between February and July 2020 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study, leading to 639 measurements. The authors tested the psychometric properties of the Glamorgan Scale to validate whether the characteristics of the original version were preserved. To this end, reliability (internal consistency) and concurrent and predictive validity (sensitivity and specificity) were assessed. For the predictive comparison, the authors performed the same tests with the Braden Q Scale. RESULTS The predictive validity, as assessed by the receiver operator characteristic curve and calculation of the area under the curve, showed satisfactory performance for the Glamorgan Scale (0.77; CI, 0.72-0.82); the Braden Q Scale values were similar (0.78; CI 0.73-0.84). The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a strong correlation between the total scores of the Glamorgan Scale (ρ = -0.76; P <.01), corroborating its validation. CONCLUSIONS The Glamorgan Scale was validated and showed good accuracy and consistency for pressure injury risk assessment in critically ill pediatric patients in Brazil. Its accuracy was similar to that of the Braden Q Scale.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: An Update from the Environment to Clinics
(2022-01-01) de Oliveira, Haroldo Cesar; de Paula e Silva, Ana Carolina Alves [UNESP]; Marcos, Caroline Maria [UNESP]; de Fátima da Silva, Julhiany [UNESP]; Scorzoni, Liliana [UNESP]; Assato, Patricia Akemi [UNESP]; Rossi, Suélen Andreia; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-PR); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Guarulhos University (UNG); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic mycosis of great importance in Latin America caused by dimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. Recent advances in the study of this mycosis reveal the Paracoccidioides genus as fungi that are difficult to treat and diagnose, with a great capacity to adapt and evade the environment of host cells, causing an invasive disease that is neglected in areas where it is endemic. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the fungi of this genus and the disease, bringing historical aspects and also the most recent advances in the study of this important mycosis, which has a great impact on public health in many countries in Latin America. This chapter will address issues such as the diversity of species of the Paracoccidioides genus, the thermal dimorphism, that allows the fungus to survive in the environment and the host, and its impact on the infectious process, virulence factors, and their relationship with the evasion capacity of the host immune system, as well as aspects associated with the disease such as clinical forms, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Tissue Bioengineering with Fibrin Scaffolds and Deproteinized Bone Matrix Associated or Not with the Transoperative Laser Photobiomodulation Protocol
(2023-01-01) Pomini, Karina Torres; Buchaim, Daniela Vieira; Bighetti, Ana Carolina Cestari; Hamzé, Abdul Latif; Reis, Carlos Henrique Bertoni; Duarte, Marco Antonio Húngaro; Alcalde, Murilo Priori; Barraviera, Benedito [UNESP]; Júnior, Rui Seabra Ferreira [UNESP]; de Souza, Alexandre Teixeira; da Silva Santos, Paulo Sérgio; Pilon, João Paulo Galletti [UNESP]; de Marchi, Miguel Ângelo; Nogueira, Dayane Maria Braz; de Souza Bueno, Cleuber Rodrigo; Soares, Wendel Cleber; Buchaim, Rogerio Leone; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); University of Marilia (UNIMAR); University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); UNINOVE University
Extending the range of use of the heterologous fibrin biopolymer, this pre-clinical study showed a new proportionality of its components directed to the formation of scaffold with a lower density of the resulting mesh to facilitate the infiltration of bone cells, and combined with therapy by laser photobiomodulation, in order to accelerate the repair process and decrease the morphofunctional recovery time. Thus, a transoperative protocol of laser photobiomodulation (L) was evaluated in critical bone defects filled with deproteinized bovine bone particles (P) associated with heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HF). The groups were: BCL (blood clot + laser); HF; HFL; PHF (P+HF); PHFL (P+HF+L). Microtomographically, bone volume (BV) at 14 days, was higher in the PHF and PHFL groups (10.45 ± 3.31 mm3 and 9.94 ± 1.51 mm3), significantly increasing in the BCL, HFL and PHFL groups. Histologically, in all experimental groups, the defects were not reestablished either in the external cortical bone or in the epidural, occurring only in partial bone repair. At 42 days, the bone area (BA) increased in all groups, being significantly higher in the laser-treated groups. The quantification of bone collagen fibers showed that the percentage of collagen fibers in the bone tissue was similar between the groups for each experimental period, but significantly higher at 42 days (35.71 ± 6.89%) compared to 14 days (18.94 ± 6.86%). It can be concluded that the results of the present study denote potential effects of laser radiation capable of inducing functional bone regeneration, through the synergistic combination of biomaterials and the new ratio of heterologous fibrin biopolymer components (1:1:1) was able to make the resulting fibrin mesh less dense and susceptible to cellular permeability. Thus, the best fibrinogen concentration should be evaluated to find the ideal heterologous fibrin scaffold.
Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients Present Blood Parameters Changed, According to Use of Therapy and the CD4+ T Cells Count
(2022-01-01) Tasca, Karen Ingrid [UNESP]; de Souza, Lenice Do Rosário [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
In HIV-patients, the imbalance in immunological, hematological and biochemical factors can contribute to the progression to AIDS and non-AIDS comorbidities, even during combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to analyze some of these parameters in 138 different asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, doing multiple comparisons between the groups, which are dichotomized in the presence/absence of cART and type of immune response (immunological responders [iR,>500cells/mL] or non-responders [iNR,<500cells/ mL]). Were analyzed cytokines and other routine laboratory parameters. Our results showed high creatine phosphokinase and low IL-10 levels in cART-patients. They also presented metabolic alterations, including elevations in total cholesterol and triglycerides, particularly in those iNR. In ART-iR an increased alanine aminotransferase was observed. Those NAÏVE-iNR presented high LDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase values. The long-term non-progressors (LTNP) showed the best laboratory results. In conclusion, many blood parameters were changed in HIV-patients, especially in those under cART. To identify LTNP individuals could be important to discussions their early therapeutic onset.
Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in Bedridden Patients and Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities
(2022-11-01) Silva, Lucas Porangaba [UNESP]; Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco [UNESP]; Teixeira, Nathalia Bibiana [UNESP]; Silva, Luís Thadeo Poianas [UNESP]; de Angelis, Carolina Destro [UNESP]; Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha, Maria de Lourdes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
At present, multidrug-resistant microorganisms are already responsible for community-acquired infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious public health risk worldwide because of the rapid spread and diversification of pandemic clones that are characterized by increasing virulence and antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with nasal, oral and rectal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA in bedridden patients and residents of long-term care facilities for the elderly (LTCFs) in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Nasal, oral and rectal swab isolates obtained from 226 LTCF residents or home-bedridden patients between 2017 and 2018 were submitted to susceptibility testing, detection of the mecA gene, SCCmec characterization, and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with the presence of S. aureus and MRSA. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA was 33.6% (n = 76) and 8% (n = 18), respectively. At the nine LTCFs studied, the prevalence of S. aureus ranged from 16.6% to 85.7% and that of MRSA from 13.3% to 25%. Living in an LTCF, male gender, a history of surgeries, and a high Charlson Comorbidity Index score were risk factors associated with S. aureus carriage, while MRSA carriage was positively associated with male gender. This study showed a high prevalence of S. aureus among elderly residents of small (<15 residents) and medium-sized (15–49 residents) LTCFs and a higher prevalence of MRSA in the oropharynx.
Blood plasma proteome alteration after local tissue damage induced by Bothrops erythromelas snake venom in mice
(2022-10-30) Cavalcante, Joeliton S. [UNESP]; Borges da Silva, Weslley Ruan G.; de Oliveira, Laudicéia Alves [UNESP]; Brito, Ingrid Mayara C. [UNESP]; Muller, Kevin S. [UNESP]; J. Vidal, Ivynna Suellen; dos Santos, Lucilene Delazari [UNESP]; Jorge, Roberta Jeane Bezerra; Almeida, Cayo; de Lima Bicho, Carla; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Paraíba State University (UEPB); Federal University of Ceará (UFC); Federal University of ABC
Snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible the most snakebites in the Brazil, causing a diverse and complex pathophysiological condition. Bothrops erythromelas is the main specie of medical relevance found in the Caatinga from the Brazilian Northeast region. The pathophysiological effects involving B. erythromelas snakebite as well as the organism reaction in response to this envenomation are not so explored. Thus, edema was induced in mice paws using 2.5 μg or 5.0 μg of B. erythromelas venom, and the percentage of edema was measured. Plasma was collected 30 minutes after the envenomation-induced in mice and analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was identified a total of 112 common plasma proteins differentially abundant among experimental groups, which are involved with the complement system and coagulation cascades, oxidative stress, neutrophil degranulation, platelets degranulation and inflammatory response. Apolipoprotein A1 (Apoa), serum amyloid protein A-4 (Saa4), adiponectin (Adipoq) showed up-regulated in mice plasma after injection of venom, while fibulin (Fbln1), factor XII (F12) and vitamin K-dependent protein Z (Proz) showed down-regulated. The results indicate a protein pattern of thrombo-inflammation to the B. erythromelas snakebite, evidencing potential biomarkers for monitoring this snakebite, new therapeutic targets and its correlations with the degree of envenomation once showed modulations in the abundance among the different groups according to the amount of venom injected into the mice.
Experimental Bothrops atrox Envenomation: Blood Plasma Proteome Effects after Local Tissue Damage and Perspectives on Thromboinflammation
(2022-09-01) Cavalcante, Joeliton S. [UNESP]; Brito, Ingrid Mayara da Cunha [UNESP]; De Oliveira, Laudicéia Alves [UNESP]; De Barros, Luciana Curtolo [UNESP]; Almeida, Cayo; Rossini, Bruno Cesar [UNESP]; Sousa, Duaran Lopes; Alves, Renata Sousa; Jorge, Roberta Jeane Bezerra; Santos, Lucilene Delazari dos [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal University of ABC; Federal University of Ceará; Federal University of Ceará (UFC)
The clinical manifestations of Bothrops atrox envenoming involve local and systemic changes, among which edema requires substantial attention due to its ability to progress to compartmental syndromes and sometimes cause tissue loss and amputations. However, the impact of edema on the poisoned body’s system has not been explored. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the systemic pathological and inflammatory events that are altered by intraplantar injection of B. atrox venom in a mouse model through hematologic, lipidic, and shotgun proteomics analysis. Plasma samples collected showed a greater abundance of proteins related to complement, coagulation, lipid system, platelet and neutrophil degranulation, and pathways related to cell death and ischemic tolerance. Interestingly, some proteins, in particular, Prdx2 (peroxiredoxin 2), Hba (hemoglobin subunit alpha), and F9 (Factor IX), increased according to the amount of venom injected. Our findings support that B. atrox venom activates multiple blood systems that are involved in thromboinflammation, an observation that may have implications for the pathophysiological progression of envenomations. Furthermore, we report for the first time a potential role of Prdx2, Hba, and F9 as potential markers of the severity of edema/inflammation in mice caused by B. atrox.

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