Imuno-histoquímica para identificação de células neoplásicas no infiltrado ativo de melanomas finos
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Data
2006-04-01
Autores
Salvio, Ana Gabriela [UNESP]
Marques, Mariângela Esther Alencar [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia ClínicaSociedade Brasileira de PatologiaSociedade Brasileira de Citopatologia
Resumo
Melanomas finos freqüentemente apresentam infiltrado linfocitário ativo. Melonócitos pigmentados e melanófagos dispersos no infiltrado linfocitário ativo são difíceis de se distinguir nas colorações de rotina, em lâminas coradas pela hematoxilina eosina (HE). A presença de melanócitos na derme papilar caracteriza a lesão como Clark II exigindo medida de Breslow, o que justifica a importância de vencer essas limitações técnicas. Mesmo usando técnica de imuno-histoquímica com Melan-A e diamino benzidina (DAB) como cromógenos, essa distinção é ainda difícil. O pigmento marrom formado pelo cromógeno DAB não pode ser facilmente diferenciado dos grânulos marrons do pigmento de melanina. Nós introduzimos uma simples modificação na técnica, substituindo a contracoloração de hematoxilina pelo Giemsa. Com essa modificação, o pigmento de melanina foi corado em azul-esverdeado, contrastando com a coloração positiva pelo Melan-A dos melanócitos, que permaneceu marrom. Macrófagos negativos para Melan-A continham apenas grânulos grosseiros azul-esverdeados no citoplasma. Assim, fomos capazes de identificar com precisão células Melan-A positivas na derme papilar, determinando microinvasão (Clark II) em 31 (75,5%) dos 40 casos de melanomas in situ (Clark I) associados com infiltrado linfocitário ativo. A técnica apresentada permite, portanto, diferenciar macrófagos e melanócitos dispersos no infiltrado linfocitário associado a melanomas finos, permitindo detectar invasão inicial, evitando interpretação errônea do nível de Clark e da medida de Breslow.
Thin melanomas are frequently associated with brisk lymphocytic infiltrate. Pigmented melanocytes are difficult to distinguish from melanophages, which are usually seen interspersed among lymphocytes on routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides. As the presence of melanocytes in the papillary dermis characterizes the lesion as Clark II requiring the Breslow index, it is important to identify these cells properly and overcome such technical limitations. Even using immunohistochemistry staining for Melan-A and DAB as chromogens, this distinction is still difficult because the brown pigment formed by the chromogen DBA can not be easily differentiated from the brown melanin granules. We have introduced a simple modification on the technique, by replacing hematoxylin with Giemsa as counterstain. In this regard, the melanin pigment was decorated in green-blue while the Melan-A positive melanocytes were colored brown. Negatively stained melanophages contain only course green-blue granules of melanin in their cytoplasm. Thus, we were able to identify Melan-A positive cells in the papillary dermis accurately, determining microinvasion (Clark II) in 31 (77,5%) out of 40 in situ (Clark I) melanomas associated with brisk infiltrate. This technique is useful to distinguish melanophages and melanocytes interspersed among the lymphocytic infiltrate associated to thin melanomas, allowing detection of early invasion and avoiding Clark levels and Breslow index misinterpretation.
Thin melanomas are frequently associated with brisk lymphocytic infiltrate. Pigmented melanocytes are difficult to distinguish from melanophages, which are usually seen interspersed among lymphocytes on routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides. As the presence of melanocytes in the papillary dermis characterizes the lesion as Clark II requiring the Breslow index, it is important to identify these cells properly and overcome such technical limitations. Even using immunohistochemistry staining for Melan-A and DAB as chromogens, this distinction is still difficult because the brown pigment formed by the chromogen DBA can not be easily differentiated from the brown melanin granules. We have introduced a simple modification on the technique, by replacing hematoxylin with Giemsa as counterstain. In this regard, the melanin pigment was decorated in green-blue while the Melan-A positive melanocytes were colored brown. Negatively stained melanophages contain only course green-blue granules of melanin in their cytoplasm. Thus, we were able to identify Melan-A positive cells in the papillary dermis accurately, determining microinvasion (Clark II) in 31 (77,5%) out of 40 in situ (Clark I) melanomas associated with brisk infiltrate. This technique is useful to distinguish melanophages and melanocytes interspersed among the lymphocytic infiltrate associated to thin melanomas, allowing detection of early invasion and avoiding Clark levels and Breslow index misinterpretation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Melanomas finos, Melanoma in situ, Melan-A, Imuno-histoquímica, Thin melanomas, In situ melanomas, Melan-A, Immunohistochemistry
Como citar
Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial. Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia ClínicaSociedade Brasileira de PatologiaSociedade Brasileira de Citopatologia, v. 42, n. 2, p. 143-148, 2006.