Efeito de scaffolds de nanofibras incorporados com antibióticos sobre biofilmes formados por bactérias presentes nos canais radiculares
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Data
2015-12-17
Autores
Albuquerque, Maria Tereza Pedrosa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: analisar a ação antimicrobiana de scaffolds contendo ciprofloxacina (CIP) sobre biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (Artigo 1); Sintetizar, caracterizar e analisar a ação antimicrobiana do TAP-scaffold (Polidioxanona [PDS] + CIP, metronidazol [MET] e minociclina [MINO] ) contra biofilme de Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) (Artigo 2); Avaliar os efeitos do TAP-scaffold contra biofilme de Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) (Artigo 3). Material e Métodos: Utilizando a técnica de electrospinning scaffolds foram desenvolvidos a partir de soluções de PDS puro e associadas a antibióticos para produzir CIP-scaffold e TAP-scaffold. (Artigos 1, 2 e 3). Espécimes de dentina foram inoculados com E. faecalis para formação de biofilme e expostos ao PDS (controle); PDS + CIP 25wt.% e PDS + CIP 5wt.%. A ação antimicrobiana foi avaliada por contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC / mL) (n = 10) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) (n = 2) (Artigo 1). TAP-scaffolds foram caracterizados quanto a morfologia das fibras, propriedades mecânicas, e mecanismo de liberação do fármaco. Espécimes de dentina foram inoculados com A. naeslundii para formação de biofilme e foram expostos à TAP-scaffold, solução de TAP, PDS puro e espécimes de dentina infectada com biofilme (7 dias) sem medicação. A viabilidade bacteriana foi determinada por microscópio de varredura a laser confocal (CLSM) (Artigo 2). Espécimes de dentina inoculados com P. gingivalis foram expostos ao PDS (controle negativo), PDS + TAP 25wt.%, solução de TAP e dentinas infectadas sem tratamento (7 dias de biofilme) (n = 12). A viabilidade do biofilme foi determinada quantitativamente por (UFC/mL) e qualitativamente por MEV (Artigo 3). Resultados: A contagem das UFC/mL demonstrou máxima eliminação bacteriana promovida pelo grupo PDS + CIP 25 wt.% diferindo estatisticamente dos grupos PDS e PDS+CIP 5 wt.% (p < 0,05). A análise por MEV foi compatível com os dados obtidos por UFC/mL (Artigo 1). A caracterização das fibras, evidenciou diâmetro médio das fibras de 689 ± 312nm (PDS puro) e 718±125nm (TAP-scaffold). O TAP-scaffold demonstrou propriedades mecânicas significativamente menores que o PDS (p≤0,04040). Grande liberação de drogas nas primeiras 24 horas foi observada, destacando-se a CIP e a MET que mantiveram uma liberação mais prolongada (4 semanas) quando comparada à MINO (7 dias). Análise por CLSM demonstrou completa eliminação de bactérias viáveis expostas à solução de TAP. Por outro lado, TAP-scaffold reduziu significativamente (p < 0,05) a porcentagem de bactérias viáveis quando comparado ao grupo controle e ao PDS (Artigo 2). Para o biofilme de P.gingivalis, tanto a TAP-scaffold quanto a TAP foram capazes de eliminar completamente as bactérias viáveis, diferindo estatisticamente (p<0,055) do PDS e controle negativo (Artigo 3). Conclusões: Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que scaffolds desenvolvidos com sistema de liberação controlada de drogas apresentam grande potencial para eliminação de biofilmes compostos por espécies bacterianas que colonizam o sistema de canais radiculares, com potencial promissor para o sucesso da regeneração endodôntica.
The present study aimed to: Evaluate the antimicrobial effects of scaffolds containing ciprofloxacin (CIP) into the fibers against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm (Article 1); Synthesize, characterize, and analyse the antimicrobial action TAP-scaffold containing CIP, metronidazole (MET) and minocycline (MINO) against Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) biofilm (Article 2); Evaluate the effects of TAP-scaffold to combat Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) biofilm (Article 3). Material e Methods: Scaffolds were developed from pure polidioxanone (PDS) solution alone or incorporated with antibiotics: MET, CIP and MINO (TAPscaffold and CIP-scaffold by electrospinning technique (Articles 1, 2, 3). E. faecalis solution was inoculated in dentin to induce biofilm formation that were exposed to PDS (control); PDS + CIP 25wt.% and PDS + CIP 5wt.%. The antimicrobial action were analysed by counting the colony units formation (CFU/mL) and through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (Article 1). Fiber morphology, mechanical properties, and drug release of TAP-scaffolds were investigated. Dentin specimens were inoculated with A. naeslundii for biofilm formation. The dentin specimens were exposed to TAP-mimic scaffolds, TAP solution (positive control), and pure PDS. Infected dentin (7-days biofilm) specimens were used for comparison. CLSM was performed to determine bacteria viability (Article 2). Dentin specimens were inoculated with P. gingivalis to allow biofilm formation and were exposed to the following treatments: PDS (control), PDS+25wt.%TAP, and TAP solution. Infected dentin specimens were left untreated (bacteria only). To determine the antimicrobial efficacy a colony forming unit (CFU/mL) measurement 27 and SEM analysis were performed (Article 3). Results: PDS scaffold containing CIP at 25 wt.% showed maximum bactéria (E.faecalis) elimination, differing statistically from the control (PDS) and from PDS scaffold containing CIP at 5 wt.% (p < 0.05). SEM images showed similar results when compared to CFU/mL data (Article 1). Fibers characterization displayed scaffolds with submicron mean fiber diameter. Overall, TAP-mimic scaffolds showed significantly (p ≤ 0.040) lower mechanical properties than PDS. Within the first 24 hours, a burst release of all drugs was seen. A sustained maintenance of MET and CIP release was observed over 4 weeks, but not for MINO. CLSM demonstrated complete elimination of all viable bacteria exposed to the TAP solution. Meanwhile, TAP-mimic scaffolds led to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the percentage of viable bacteria compared to the negative control and PDS (Article 2). Regard P.gingivalis, TAP-mimic PDS-based electrospun scaffolds and the positive control (TAP solution) led to complete bacteria elimination, differing statistically (p<0.05) from the negative control (bacteria only). No statistical differences were observed for CFU/mL data between PDS and the negative control (Article 3). Conclusions: This study suggests that scaffolds containing drug-release system present a great clinical potential to combat biofilms composed by endodontic pathogens with promising sucess for endodontic regenerative standpoint.
The present study aimed to: Evaluate the antimicrobial effects of scaffolds containing ciprofloxacin (CIP) into the fibers against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm (Article 1); Synthesize, characterize, and analyse the antimicrobial action TAP-scaffold containing CIP, metronidazole (MET) and minocycline (MINO) against Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) biofilm (Article 2); Evaluate the effects of TAP-scaffold to combat Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) biofilm (Article 3). Material e Methods: Scaffolds were developed from pure polidioxanone (PDS) solution alone or incorporated with antibiotics: MET, CIP and MINO (TAPscaffold and CIP-scaffold by electrospinning technique (Articles 1, 2, 3). E. faecalis solution was inoculated in dentin to induce biofilm formation that were exposed to PDS (control); PDS + CIP 25wt.% and PDS + CIP 5wt.%. The antimicrobial action were analysed by counting the colony units formation (CFU/mL) and through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (Article 1). Fiber morphology, mechanical properties, and drug release of TAP-scaffolds were investigated. Dentin specimens were inoculated with A. naeslundii for biofilm formation. The dentin specimens were exposed to TAP-mimic scaffolds, TAP solution (positive control), and pure PDS. Infected dentin (7-days biofilm) specimens were used for comparison. CLSM was performed to determine bacteria viability (Article 2). Dentin specimens were inoculated with P. gingivalis to allow biofilm formation and were exposed to the following treatments: PDS (control), PDS+25wt.%TAP, and TAP solution. Infected dentin specimens were left untreated (bacteria only). To determine the antimicrobial efficacy a colony forming unit (CFU/mL) measurement 27 and SEM analysis were performed (Article 3). Results: PDS scaffold containing CIP at 25 wt.% showed maximum bactéria (E.faecalis) elimination, differing statistically from the control (PDS) and from PDS scaffold containing CIP at 5 wt.% (p < 0.05). SEM images showed similar results when compared to CFU/mL data (Article 1). Fibers characterization displayed scaffolds with submicron mean fiber diameter. Overall, TAP-mimic scaffolds showed significantly (p ≤ 0.040) lower mechanical properties than PDS. Within the first 24 hours, a burst release of all drugs was seen. A sustained maintenance of MET and CIP release was observed over 4 weeks, but not for MINO. CLSM demonstrated complete elimination of all viable bacteria exposed to the TAP solution. Meanwhile, TAP-mimic scaffolds led to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the percentage of viable bacteria compared to the negative control and PDS (Article 2). Regard P.gingivalis, TAP-mimic PDS-based electrospun scaffolds and the positive control (TAP solution) led to complete bacteria elimination, differing statistically (p<0.05) from the negative control (bacteria only). No statistical differences were observed for CFU/mL data between PDS and the negative control (Article 3). Conclusions: This study suggests that scaffolds containing drug-release system present a great clinical potential to combat biofilms composed by endodontic pathogens with promising sucess for endodontic regenerative standpoint.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biofilmes, Enterococcus faecalis, Regeneração, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Biofilms