Aspectos sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos dos casos de hanseníase em uma área endêmica: conhecimentos e experiências de cirurgiões-dentistas
Carregando...
Data
2015-12-22
Autores
Carloni, Maria Emilia Oliveira Gomes [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, que acomete preferencialmente pele e nervos periféricos, com um grande potencial para desenvolver incapacidades físicas. A redução da transmissibilidade e do número de doentes com lesões incapacitantes depende do incremento do diagnóstico precoce da doença. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as principais características epidemiológicas de indivíduos notificados com hanseníase, no período de 2013 a 2014, e o conhecimento e atuação do cirurgião-dentista no controle da endemia, no município de Cuiabá-MT. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, dividido em duas etapas, que incluem: análise de 434 Ficha Individual de Notificação/Investigação de Hanseniase, inquérito com 242 cirurgiões-dentistas (CD’s) atuantes no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de Cuiabá, para analisar o conhecimento sobre a forma de contágio, características clínicas e tratamento; além das experiências em relação a suspeita diagnóstica e encaminhamento de casos. A análise de dados foi realizada através do ProgramStatisticalPackage for Social Sciense (SPSS) versão 21.0 e da análise bivariada utilizando o teste qui-quadrado e nível de significância de 5%. Do total de 434 Fichas de Investigação avaliadas a maior parte era do sexo feminino (52,5%), com idade acima de 60 anos (26,3%), pardos (48,4%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (32,7%). A forma clínica e classe operacional mais prevalentes foram dimorfa e multibacilar esta última mais frequente no sexo feminino. Quanto ao estudo dos CD’s os resultados mostraram a predominância do sexo feminino (65,7%), idade entre 30 e 39 anos (43%) e profissionais com 6 a 10 anos de formados (23,6%). No tocante ao tempo de trabalho no SUS, o maior percentual (28,1%) apresentava mais de 10 anos de trabalho. Quanto ao conhecimento sobre a doença, 30,6% não sabiam a eficácia do tratamento da hanseníase, 47% não tinham conhecimento que a doença era de notificação compulsória e apenas 8,3% obtiveram informações sobre a hanseníase no trabalho. Conclui-se que houve maior acometimento da doença no sexo feminino, na população adulta e em indivíduos de baixa escolaridade. A prevalência da hanseníase multibacilar, bem como de incapacidades refletem a detecção tardia da doença, tratamento inadequado e conhecimento deficiente dos profissionais de saúde. Entre os cirurgiões-dentistas a falta de informação em relação à hanseníase está levando a uma contribuição tímida no incremento do diagnóstico da doença, com práticas isoladas de atenção.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves, with great potential to develop physical disabilities.Reducing the transmission and the number of patients with disabling injuries depends on the increase in early diagnosis.The objectives of this study were to know the main epidemiological characteristics of individuals with leprosy reported in the period 2013-2014, and the knowledge and performance of the dentist in leprosy control in the city of Cuiaba-MT.It is an epidemiological study, divided into two steps, which include: analysis of 434 Individual Forms of Leprosy Notification/Investigation, and survey of 242 dentists (CDs) workingat the Unified Health System (SUS) in Cuiabá, to analyze their knowledge about the ways of transmission, clinical features and treatment, besides analyzing their experiences in relation to diagnostic suspicion and referral of cases.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package Program for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.0, and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and 5% significance level.Of the total of 434Investigation formsanalyzed, the majorityof the patients were female (52.5%), aged over 60 (26.3%), of mixed race (48.4%), with incomplete primary education (32.7%). The most prevalentclinical form and operating class were borderline and multibacillary, the latter more frequent in females.As for the study of CDs,theresults showed a predominance of females (65.7%), aged between 30 and 39 yearsold (43%) and professionals graduated 6-10 years earlier (23.6%).With regard to time working at SUS, the highest percentage (28.1%) had worked for over 10 years. Regarding knowledge about the disease, 30.6% did not know the effectiveness of the treatment of leprosy, 47% were unaware that the disease was reportable and only 8.3% obtained information about leprosy at work.It was concluded thatthere wasahigher prevalenceof the diseasein femalesin the adult populationandpoorly educatedindividuals.The prevalence ofMB leprosyanddisabilitiesreflect thelate detectionof the disease,inadequate treatmentand poorknowledgeof thehealth professionals. Among thedentists, thelack of informationregardingleprosyis leading to atimidcontributionto increase thedisease diagnosis, with isolatedcare practices.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves, with great potential to develop physical disabilities.Reducing the transmission and the number of patients with disabling injuries depends on the increase in early diagnosis.The objectives of this study were to know the main epidemiological characteristics of individuals with leprosy reported in the period 2013-2014, and the knowledge and performance of the dentist in leprosy control in the city of Cuiaba-MT.It is an epidemiological study, divided into two steps, which include: analysis of 434 Individual Forms of Leprosy Notification/Investigation, and survey of 242 dentists (CDs) workingat the Unified Health System (SUS) in Cuiabá, to analyze their knowledge about the ways of transmission, clinical features and treatment, besides analyzing their experiences in relation to diagnostic suspicion and referral of cases.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package Program for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.0, and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and 5% significance level.Of the total of 434Investigation formsanalyzed, the majorityof the patients were female (52.5%), aged over 60 (26.3%), of mixed race (48.4%), with incomplete primary education (32.7%). The most prevalentclinical form and operating class were borderline and multibacillary, the latter more frequent in females.As for the study of CDs,theresults showed a predominance of females (65.7%), aged between 30 and 39 yearsold (43%) and professionals graduated 6-10 years earlier (23.6%).With regard to time working at SUS, the highest percentage (28.1%) had worked for over 10 years. Regarding knowledge about the disease, 30.6% did not know the effectiveness of the treatment of leprosy, 47% were unaware that the disease was reportable and only 8.3% obtained information about leprosy at work.It was concluded thatthere wasahigher prevalenceof the diseasein femalesin the adult populationandpoorly educatedindividuals.The prevalence ofMB leprosyanddisabilitiesreflect thelate detectionof the disease,inadequate treatmentand poorknowledgeof thehealth professionals. Among thedentists, thelack of informationregardingleprosyis leading to atimidcontributionto increase thedisease diagnosis, with isolatedcare practices.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hanseniase, Epidemiologia, Conhecimento, Leprosy, Epidemiology, Knowledge