Caracterização filogenética de percevejos terrestres das famílias Coreidae e Pentatomidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) por meio de marcadores moleculares
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-03-02
Autores
Banho, Cecília Ártico [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pentatomomorpha é composta por cerca de 14.000 espécies, distribuídas em seis superfamílias, entre as quais estão inclusas Pentatomoidea e Coreoidea. Pentatomoidea possui 7.000 espécies distribuídas em 15 famílias, das quais Pentatomidae é a maior, com 4.500 espécies e 760 gêneros, estando representados no Estado de São Paulo 163 espécies. A superfamília Coreoidea é composta por cinco famílias, contudo apenas Coreidae, Rophalidae e Alydidae estão presentes no Neotrópico. A família Coreidae possui 1.884 espécies, divididas em quatro subfamílias, das quais Coreinae tem oito tribos com representantes no Brasil. Embora as famílias Pentatomidae e Coreidae apresentem um significante papel como pragas de culturas agrícolas, são escassas análises cladísticas envolvendo esses táxons, o que resulta na ausência de uma única hipótese de classificação, tornando pesquisas com abordagens de sistemática filogenética necessárias para essas famílias. Portanto, o presente estudo buscou caracterizar as relações filogenéticas das famílias Pentatomidae e suas subfamílias por meio dos genes 16S, ND5 (mitocondriais), 18S e 28S (nucleares) e da família Coreidae e sua respectiva subfamília Coreinae por meio dos genes 18S e 28S. Objetivou-se também, confirmar a classificação atual das tribos e subfamílias das espécies de Pentatomidae e Coreidae, que é embasada em caracteres morfológicos, assim como avaliar a variabilidade genética das sequências correspondentes aos genes mitocondriais e nucleares analisados. A partir dos resultados foi observado que os genes nucleares são conservados ao passo que os mitocondriais são altamente variáveis e com tendência as bases AT. Este estudo evidenciou que os genes nucleares 18S e 28S não são ideais para resoluções filogenéticas em nível de famílias, subfamílias e tribos de Coreidae e Pentatomidae, visto que os suportes dos ramos não permitem que haja confiabilidade nas análises. Além disso, alguns grupos que são considerados monofiléticos, com base em caracteres morfológicos, como as subfamílias de Pentatomidae, não tiveram sua monofilia resgatada. Contudo ao considerar as topologias obtidas com os genes nucleares aliados aos mitocondriais, para a família Pentatomidae, obteve-se alto suporte nos ramos, e, portanto, grande confiabilidade nas análises, resgatando a monofilia da maioria das tribos estudadas. Dessa forma, estudos utilizando diferentes marcadores moleculares, em especial, genes mitocondriais, são necessários, pois podem auxiliar no esclarecimento e suporte da classificação atual das relações intrafamiliares de Pentatomidae e Coreidae que permanecem pendentes.
Pentatomomorpha consists about 14.000 species distributed in six superfamilies, to which Pentatomoidea and Coreoidea are included. Pentatomidae has 7000 species in 15 families, of which Pentatomidae is the largest, with 4500 species and 760 genera, although in the state of São Paulo only 163 species are present. The Coreoidae superfamily consists of five families, however only Coreidae, Rophalidae and Alydidae are present in the Neotropics. The Coreidae family has 1884 species, divided into four subfamilies, of which Coreinae has eight tribes with representatives in Brazil. Although Pentatomidae and Coreidae families have a significant role as pests of agricultural crops, the cladistic analysis involving these taxa are scarce, which results in the absence of a single hypothesis classification, making research on phylogenetic systematic approaches necessary for these families. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of Pentatomidae families and subfamilies through the 16S, ND5, 18S and 28S genes and Coreidae family and their respective Coreinae subfamily through the 18S and 28S genes. We aimed also to confirm the current classification of tribes and subfamilies of Pentatomidae and Coreidae, which is grounded on morphological characters, as well as to evaluate the genetic variability of the sequences corresponding to the mitochondrial and nuclear genes analyzed. From the results it was observed that the nuclear genes are conserved while the mitochondrial are highly variable and tend to AT base. Our study showed that nuclear genes 18S and 28S are not ideal for phylogenetic resolution at the level of families, subfamilies and tribes of Coreidae and Pentatomidae, because the supports of the branches do not allow that there is confiability in the analysis. Furthermore, groups considered monophyletic, based on morphological characteristics, such as Pentatomidae subfamilies, have not had their monophyly rescued. But when we consider the topologies obtained with nuclear genes combined with mitochondrial genes for the Pentatomidae family, we had high support in the branches, and thus high confiability in the analysis, rescuing the monophyly of most of the studied tribes. Thus, studies using different molecular markers, in particular mitochondrial genes are needed, because they can help in understanding and support of the current classification of intra-family relations Pentatomidae and Coreidae that remain pending.
Pentatomomorpha consists about 14.000 species distributed in six superfamilies, to which Pentatomoidea and Coreoidea are included. Pentatomidae has 7000 species in 15 families, of which Pentatomidae is the largest, with 4500 species and 760 genera, although in the state of São Paulo only 163 species are present. The Coreoidae superfamily consists of five families, however only Coreidae, Rophalidae and Alydidae are present in the Neotropics. The Coreidae family has 1884 species, divided into four subfamilies, of which Coreinae has eight tribes with representatives in Brazil. Although Pentatomidae and Coreidae families have a significant role as pests of agricultural crops, the cladistic analysis involving these taxa are scarce, which results in the absence of a single hypothesis classification, making research on phylogenetic systematic approaches necessary for these families. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of Pentatomidae families and subfamilies through the 16S, ND5, 18S and 28S genes and Coreidae family and their respective Coreinae subfamily through the 18S and 28S genes. We aimed also to confirm the current classification of tribes and subfamilies of Pentatomidae and Coreidae, which is grounded on morphological characters, as well as to evaluate the genetic variability of the sequences corresponding to the mitochondrial and nuclear genes analyzed. From the results it was observed that the nuclear genes are conserved while the mitochondrial are highly variable and tend to AT base. Our study showed that nuclear genes 18S and 28S are not ideal for phylogenetic resolution at the level of families, subfamilies and tribes of Coreidae and Pentatomidae, because the supports of the branches do not allow that there is confiability in the analysis. Furthermore, groups considered monophyletic, based on morphological characteristics, such as Pentatomidae subfamilies, have not had their monophyly rescued. But when we consider the topologies obtained with nuclear genes combined with mitochondrial genes for the Pentatomidae family, we had high support in the branches, and thus high confiability in the analysis, rescuing the monophyly of most of the studied tribes. Thus, studies using different molecular markers, in particular mitochondrial genes are needed, because they can help in understanding and support of the current classification of intra-family relations Pentatomidae and Coreidae that remain pending.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pentatomoidea, Coreoidea, Genes mitocondriais, Genes nucleares, Mitochondrial genes, Nuclear genes