Representações sociais de professores sobre inclusão e o projeto político pedagógico: a escola em movimento
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Data
2016-02-18
Autores
Scavoni, Mariana Paula Pereira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A proposta da educação inclusiva, preconizada por declarações e legislações a partir dos anos de 1990, gera impactos diretos na configuração das escolas, em especial na formação de professores e na gestão. Porém, para que a escola seja de fato inclusiva, dependerá também de sua comunidade: de que maneira incorpora e modifica suas representações sociais, pois consideramos que os sujeitos interferem na edificação deste movimento tanto quanto o princípio legal. Considerando o potencial destes elementos da cultura escolar, tivemos como objetivo investigar as representações sociais de inclusão escolar, formação docente e gestão de professores de uma escola pública municipal do ensino fundamental – ciclo I, bem como sua relação com o projeto político pedagógico da escola. Para a coleta de dados com os professores, realizamos grupos focais; para dialogar com estes dados, o projeto político-pedagógico. Na análise de dados, definimos dois grandes contextos: político, envolvendo conceito, diretrizes e organização da escola e pedagógico, abarcando a figura e trabalho do professor, o contexto de sala de aula, o escolar e sua família. As representações sociais revelaram-se não lineares, sendo predominantemente voltadas às impossibilidades para a edificação de uma escola inclusiva, ao passo que no projeto político-pedagógico houve maior ênfase aos avanços e a um trabalho visando conquistas relativas à inclusão escolar. Tanto as representações mais quanto menos favoráveis associam a inclusão escolar ao público alvo da educação especial. A partir da Teoria das Representações Sociais, buscamos compreender as relações entre conceitos e vivências, tanto nos grupos focais quanto no projeto político-pedagógico, evidenciando os núcleos central e periférico das representações. Neste sentido, observamos o estabelecimento de uma relação quase direta entre o contexto político e a situação da inclusão escolar, sendo destinado pouco espaço para o contexto pedagógico na modificação desta realidade. É justamente nas representações menos frequentes que se é possível atuar para modificação da escola atual, visto que são maleáveis, valiosas para a construção de uma escola inclusiva, envolvendo a ressignificação de conceitos anteriores à temática da inclusão: a função e efetividade da escola e do ensino para todos os escolares.
The purpose of inclusive education, as recommended by statements and legislation from the 1990s, generates direct impact on the configuration of schools, especially in teacher education and management. However, for the school it to become inclusive, it depends on its community: how the schools incorporate and modify their social representations, because we believe that the subject interferes on the building of this principle as well as the legal principle. Considering the potential of these elements of the school culture, our objective was to investigate the social representations of inclusion, teacher education and teachers management in a public school from the first cycle of elementary school as well as their relationship with the Pedagogical Political Project. To collect data with teachers, conduct focus groups; to dialogue with these data, the Pedagogical Political Project. In data analysis, we defined two major contexts: political, involving concept, guidelines and organization of the school and teaching, covering the person and teacher's work, the classroom context, the schoolchildren and his family. Social representations proved to be non-linear, being predominantly directed to the impossibilities to building an inclusive school, while the Pedagogical Political Project there was a greater emphasis on progress and work aimed achievements regarding school inclusion. Both representations more and less favorable associate school inclusion to the target audience of special education. From the Theory of Social Representations, we seek to understand the relationships between concepts and experiences, both the focus groups and in the Pedagogical Political Project, highlighting the central and peripheral core of representations. Thus, we see the establishment of an almost direct relationship between the political context and situation of school inclusion, for having little space for the educational context in changing this reality. It is precisely in the less frequent representations that can act to change of the present school, because they are flexible, valuable for building an inclusive school, involving the reinterpretation of previous concepts to the theme of inclusion: the function and school effectiveness and education for all schoolchildren.
The purpose of inclusive education, as recommended by statements and legislation from the 1990s, generates direct impact on the configuration of schools, especially in teacher education and management. However, for the school it to become inclusive, it depends on its community: how the schools incorporate and modify their social representations, because we believe that the subject interferes on the building of this principle as well as the legal principle. Considering the potential of these elements of the school culture, our objective was to investigate the social representations of inclusion, teacher education and teachers management in a public school from the first cycle of elementary school as well as their relationship with the Pedagogical Political Project. To collect data with teachers, conduct focus groups; to dialogue with these data, the Pedagogical Political Project. In data analysis, we defined two major contexts: political, involving concept, guidelines and organization of the school and teaching, covering the person and teacher's work, the classroom context, the schoolchildren and his family. Social representations proved to be non-linear, being predominantly directed to the impossibilities to building an inclusive school, while the Pedagogical Political Project there was a greater emphasis on progress and work aimed achievements regarding school inclusion. Both representations more and less favorable associate school inclusion to the target audience of special education. From the Theory of Social Representations, we seek to understand the relationships between concepts and experiences, both the focus groups and in the Pedagogical Political Project, highlighting the central and peripheral core of representations. Thus, we see the establishment of an almost direct relationship between the political context and situation of school inclusion, for having little space for the educational context in changing this reality. It is precisely in the less frequent representations that can act to change of the present school, because they are flexible, valuable for building an inclusive school, involving the reinterpretation of previous concepts to the theme of inclusion: the function and school effectiveness and education for all schoolchildren.
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Palavras-chave
Inclusão escolar, Representações Sociais, Escola, Projeto político-pedagógico, Educação Especial, School inclusion, Social representations, Pedagogical political project, Special education