Análise dos conteúdos de língua portuguesa do “Programa Ler e Escrever” em uma escola municipal de ensino fundamental
Carregando...
Data
2016-02-25
Autores
Trevelin, Fátima Gil de Oliveira [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o intuito de contribuir para a reflexão sobre a alfabetização no cenário brasileiro, mais especificamente no Estado de São Paulo, analisamos a política educacional do Programa “Ler e Escrever” e dos conteúdos de disciplina de Língua Portuguesa em seu contexto, assim como suas repercussões, em uma escola da rede municipal de Ensino Fundamental da cidade de João Ramalho/SP. As reformas educacionais dos anos de 1990 regulamentaram parâmetros e diretrizes gerais, por meio da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – LDB, de 1996, para que fossem desenvolvidos na forma de currículos pelos sistemas de ensino em todo o país. No Estado de São Paulo, definiu-se um currículo mínimo e comum a todas as escolas paulistas, o que se deu de forma explícita para o segmento da educação básica de primeira a quarta séries (1º ao 5º anos) através da estruturação do “Programa Ler e Escrever” a partir do ano de 2007. Procuramos contextualizar a culminância do programa desde o período das reformas educacionais, contemplando reflexões que ecoam sobre o trabalho docente, a formação curricular, avaliações externas, a leitura e até a contribuição dos gêneros literários para a alfabetização. O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar uma análise do Programa “Ler e Escrever”, a qual contempla desde sua ideologia expressa em documentos oficiais, seus materiais para uso de professores e alunos até a prática em sala de aula, por meio de entrevistas com as professoras alfabetizadoras. Constatamos a ausência de uma formação continuada para o professor, descrita nos documentos oficiais, substituída por prescrições detalhadas sobre as atividades nos guias do professor, um reconhecimento tácito desta ausência de formação. O trabalho com projetos e sequências, importantes na alfabetização, descritos por vários autores, como Dolz e Schneuwly (2004), Geraldi (2006), Bronckart (2009) entre outros, acontece no programa. Entretanto, os projetos e sequências não surgem da necessidade dos atores envolvidos, pois já vêm predeterminados. O uso de atividades que abrangem os gêneros literários acontece, na voz das professoras, num âmbito horizontal, sem maior verticalização.
In order to contribute to reflections on Brazilian literacy, especially in the state of São Paulo, the educational policy of “Reading and Writing” project and the contents of the Portuguese subject in this context were analyzed, as well as their repercussions in a local elementary and middle school in João Ramalho, a town in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. The 1990 educational reforms, by means of the 1996 Brazilian Educational Laws and Guidelines (LDB), determined the general parameters and guidelines, which were developed in the form of curricula by the educational systems throughout this country. In São Paulo, a minimum curriculum was determined to all elementary schools (1st to 5th grade) in that state, by means of the “Reading and Writing” project in 2007. And in the present work we tried to contextualize the project at its height since the educational reforms, fostering reflections on the teaching work, curriculum background, external examinations, reading and even the contribution of textual genres to the literacy. This work is aimed to analyze the “Reading and Writing” project by interviewing literacy teachers, and comprehends from the ideology of this project shown in the official laws and the materials used by teachers and students to the routine in the classroom. The lack of an ongoing training of the teachers was verified, although the training was determined by the laws. In turn, there were detailed prescriptions about the activities in the teacher’s book, an admission of the lack of training. The work with projects and didactic sequences, which are important in the literacy, described by authors such as Dolz and Schneuwly (2004), Geraldi (2006), Bronckart (2009), and many others, is present in the “Reading and Writing” project. However, the projects and didactic sequences did not arise from the need of the involved people, because those are already predetermined. The activities with textual genres are done, according to the teachers, horizontally (i.e. as something imposed, not considering the students’ background).
In order to contribute to reflections on Brazilian literacy, especially in the state of São Paulo, the educational policy of “Reading and Writing” project and the contents of the Portuguese subject in this context were analyzed, as well as their repercussions in a local elementary and middle school in João Ramalho, a town in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. The 1990 educational reforms, by means of the 1996 Brazilian Educational Laws and Guidelines (LDB), determined the general parameters and guidelines, which were developed in the form of curricula by the educational systems throughout this country. In São Paulo, a minimum curriculum was determined to all elementary schools (1st to 5th grade) in that state, by means of the “Reading and Writing” project in 2007. And in the present work we tried to contextualize the project at its height since the educational reforms, fostering reflections on the teaching work, curriculum background, external examinations, reading and even the contribution of textual genres to the literacy. This work is aimed to analyze the “Reading and Writing” project by interviewing literacy teachers, and comprehends from the ideology of this project shown in the official laws and the materials used by teachers and students to the routine in the classroom. The lack of an ongoing training of the teachers was verified, although the training was determined by the laws. In turn, there were detailed prescriptions about the activities in the teacher’s book, an admission of the lack of training. The work with projects and didactic sequences, which are important in the literacy, described by authors such as Dolz and Schneuwly (2004), Geraldi (2006), Bronckart (2009), and many others, is present in the “Reading and Writing” project. However, the projects and didactic sequences did not arise from the need of the involved people, because those are already predetermined. The activities with textual genres are done, according to the teachers, horizontally (i.e. as something imposed, not considering the students’ background).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Programa Ler e Escrever, Ensino Fundamental, Leitura, Gêneros textuais, Alfabetização, Letramento, Reading and Writing project, Elementary and Middle School, Reading, Textual genres, Literacy