Análise do acabamento superficial e da potência consumida na usinagem de fresamento frontal e cilíndrico tangencial da madeira de eucalipto
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Data
2016-02-12
Autores
Alves, Paulo Roberto Gomes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A expansão tecnológica e de mercado da madeira e produtos derivados de madeira industrializada, fazem com que as pesquisas dos processos que envolvem esse material sejam cada vez mais necessárias. O fresamento é um processo de usinagem muito utilizado na indústria, quando se pretende obter um acabamento superficial de qualidade. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho do processo de usinagem de madeiras das espécies de Corymbia citriodora e Eucalyptus saligna, realizado em centro de usinagem CNC, através da análise do acabamento superficial e da potência consumida em operações de fresamento frontal e cilíndrico tangencial. As madeiras foram usinadas de forma tangencial em movimentos concordante e discordante, com profundidade de corte (ap) de 1,0 mm; de forma frontal nas direções perpendicular e paralelo em relação às fibras com (ap) de 5,0 mm. Como condições de usinagem, empregaram-se quatro velocidades de corte (Vc) 5,9; 8,4; 10,9; 13,4 m/s, e quatro velocidades de avanço (Vf) 3,0; 5,0; 7,0 e 9,0 m/min. Utilizou-se para os ensaios uma fresa helicoidal de metal duro maciço com três dentes e diâmetro de 16,0 mm. Foram analisados os resultados de Rugosidade Média (Ra) obtidos através de rugosímetro e potência consumida captada por sensor de efeito Hall, e verificado a integridade das superfícies fresadas através de microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Os resultados foram analisados pelo software Minitab e tratados estatisticamente através da análise de variância ANOVA e teste de Tukey. Concluiu-se que as melhores qualidades superficiais registradas ocorreram para as menores velocidades de avanço, maiores velocidades de corte, no fresamento tangencial para o corte discordante, no fresamento frontal para o corte paralelo às fibras da madeira. Para a potência média consumida, o menor valor médio ocorreu para as maiores velocidades de corte e a espécie citriodora, obteve melhor qualidade superficial quando comparado com a espécie saligna.
The technological expansion and market wood and derived from wood products industrialized make research processes involving this material are increasing necessary. Milling is a machining process commonly used in the industry, when applying for a surface finish quality. This study was to evaluate the performance of wood machining process of species Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus saligna realized out in CNC machining center, through the analysis of surface finish and the power consumed in tangential front and cylindrical milling operations. The woods were used tangentially on down-milling and up-milling movements, cutting depth of 1.0 mm; the front in parallel and perpendicular directions in relation to the fibers with cutting depth of 5.0 mm. As machining conditions, we used four cutting speeds of 5.9, 8.4, 10.9 and 13.4 m/s, and four feed speeds 3 5, 7 and 9 m/min. It was used for testing a helical cutter solid tungsten carbide tool with three teeth and diameter of 16 mm. The results were analyzed Roughness Average (Ra) obtained from roughness and power consumed captured by Hall effect sensor and the integrity of the machined surfaces obtained by scanning electron microscope. These results were analyzed by Minitab software and statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. It is concluded that the best recorded surface qualities were obtained for lower feed rates, higher cutting speeds, the tangential milling cutting for up-milling in front for cutting parallel to the wood fibers. For the average power consumed, the lowest average value occurred for higher cutting speeds and the species citriodora, obtained better surface quality when compared with the species saligna.
The technological expansion and market wood and derived from wood products industrialized make research processes involving this material are increasing necessary. Milling is a machining process commonly used in the industry, when applying for a surface finish quality. This study was to evaluate the performance of wood machining process of species Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus saligna realized out in CNC machining center, through the analysis of surface finish and the power consumed in tangential front and cylindrical milling operations. The woods were used tangentially on down-milling and up-milling movements, cutting depth of 1.0 mm; the front in parallel and perpendicular directions in relation to the fibers with cutting depth of 5.0 mm. As machining conditions, we used four cutting speeds of 5.9, 8.4, 10.9 and 13.4 m/s, and four feed speeds 3 5, 7 and 9 m/min. It was used for testing a helical cutter solid tungsten carbide tool with three teeth and diameter of 16 mm. The results were analyzed Roughness Average (Ra) obtained from roughness and power consumed captured by Hall effect sensor and the integrity of the machined surfaces obtained by scanning electron microscope. These results were analyzed by Minitab software and statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. It is concluded that the best recorded surface qualities were obtained for lower feed rates, higher cutting speeds, the tangential milling cutting for up-milling in front for cutting parallel to the wood fibers. For the average power consumed, the lowest average value occurred for higher cutting speeds and the species citriodora, obtained better surface quality when compared with the species saligna.
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Palavras-chave
Qualidade superficial, Fresamento concordante, Fresamento discordante, Velocidade de avanço, Velocidade de corte, Surface quality, Down-milling, Up-milling, Feed rate, Cutting speed