Análise do padrão de resposta Th17 e de células T regulatórias em pacientes com a forma digestiva da doença de Chagas crônica
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Data
2016-03-01
Autores
Teodoro, Mariana Miziara de Abreu [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Doença de Chagas (DC), cujo agente etiológico é o protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), tornou-se nos últimos anos um grave problema de saúde pública, mesmo em países não-endêmicos. Um importante desafio para os pesquisadores da doença de Chagas é estabelecer os eventos que levam alguns pacientes a desenvolver a doença crônica assintomática, ou forma indeterminada, enquanto outros evoluem para uma doença severa, com lesões em tecidos cardíacos ou gastrointestinais. Alguns estudos têm sugerido que a ausência de sintomas clínicos em indivíduos com a forma crônica indeterminada está associada a um controle eficaz da resposta imune efetora contra o parasita, que evita uma resposta inflamatória excessiva, o que resultaria em lesão tecidual. Não existem estudos com o objetivo de confirmar este mecanismo em pacientes com a forma digestiva da DC, especialmente em relação ao controle modulador de mecanismos efetores envolvendo células Th17, por células Treg. No presente estudo, nós avaliamos em pacientes com a forma digestiva da DC e em pacientes com a forma indeterminada ou assintomática a taxa de ativação Th17/Treg, através da avaliação da freqüência de células Th17 e Treg por citometria de fluxo; da expressão do mRNA para Rorγt e Foxp3, fatores de transcrição envolvidos na diferenciação dessas células, respectivamente; bem como os níveis de IL-17a e IL-10 em sobrenadantes de cultura de células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMC’s). Foi demonstrado no presente estudo, que em pacientes com a forma digestiva da DC há um desequilíbrio na taxa de ativação de células Th17/Treg, favorecendo o perfil Th17, enquanto que em pacientes com a forma indeterminada, este desequilíbrio favorece o perfil Treg. Os nossos resultados apoiam a hipótese de que o desequilíbrio na taxa de ativação Th17/Treg observado no grupo de pacientes digestivos, favorecendo Th17 em detrimento de Treg, geraria um ambiente não regulador, que resulta em uma resposta inflamatória exacerbada, responsável pelas lesões dos tecidos gastrointestinais apresentadas por estes pacientes.
Chagas disease (CD) whose etiological agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) in recent years became a serious problem of public health even in nonendemic countries. One important challenge for the researchers of Chagas disease is to establish the events that lead some patients to develop asymptomatic or indeterminate chronic disease, while others undergo severe disease with lesions in cardiac or gastrointestinal tissues. Some studies have suggested that absence of clinical symptoms in individuals with the indeterminate chronic form is associated to a fine control of effector immune responses against the parasite that avoid a perpetuated inflammatory process which results in tissue injury. There are no studies aiming to confirm this mechanism in patients with digestive form of the disease, particularly in relation to the modulatory control by Treg cells of effector mechanisms involving Th17. Here, we studied in patients with the digestive form of CD and in those with the indeterminate or asymptomatic form of the disease, the ratio Th17/Treg activation by evaluating the frequency of Th17 and Tregs cells by flow cytometry, mRNA expression for Rorγt and Foxp3, the transcription factors involved in the differentiation of these cells respectively as well as the levels of IL-17a and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture supernatants. We showed that in patients with digestive form of the disease there is an imbalance in the ratio Th17/Treg cells activation in favor of Th17, while in patients with the indeterminate form, this imbalance favour Treg activation. Our findings support the hypothesis that in contrast with indeterminate patients a non regulatory environment observed in patients with digestive CD, which results in an exacerbated inflammatory response exerted by Th17, due to lower Treg activation, may be responsible for tissue lesions in these patients.
Chagas disease (CD) whose etiological agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) in recent years became a serious problem of public health even in nonendemic countries. One important challenge for the researchers of Chagas disease is to establish the events that lead some patients to develop asymptomatic or indeterminate chronic disease, while others undergo severe disease with lesions in cardiac or gastrointestinal tissues. Some studies have suggested that absence of clinical symptoms in individuals with the indeterminate chronic form is associated to a fine control of effector immune responses against the parasite that avoid a perpetuated inflammatory process which results in tissue injury. There are no studies aiming to confirm this mechanism in patients with digestive form of the disease, particularly in relation to the modulatory control by Treg cells of effector mechanisms involving Th17. Here, we studied in patients with the digestive form of CD and in those with the indeterminate or asymptomatic form of the disease, the ratio Th17/Treg activation by evaluating the frequency of Th17 and Tregs cells by flow cytometry, mRNA expression for Rorγt and Foxp3, the transcription factors involved in the differentiation of these cells respectively as well as the levels of IL-17a and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture supernatants. We showed that in patients with digestive form of the disease there is an imbalance in the ratio Th17/Treg cells activation in favor of Th17, while in patients with the indeterminate form, this imbalance favour Treg activation. Our findings support the hypothesis that in contrast with indeterminate patients a non regulatory environment observed in patients with digestive CD, which results in an exacerbated inflammatory response exerted by Th17, due to lower Treg activation, may be responsible for tissue lesions in these patients.
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Palavras-chave
Células Th17, Células Treg, Doença de Chagas, Megacólon, Megaesôfago