Artigos - Engenharia Ambiental - Sorocaba

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Preface
(2022-01-01) Fernandes Fraceto, Leonardo [UNESP]; Pereira de Carvalho, Hudson Wallace; de Lima, Renata; Ghoshal, Subhashis; Santaella, Catherine; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade de Sorocaba; McGill University; Aix-Marseille University
Inorganic Nanopesticides and Nanofertilizers: A View from the Mechanisms of Action to Field Applications
(2022-01-01) Fernandes Fraceto, Leonardo [UNESP]; Pereira de Carvalho, Hudson Wallace; de Lima, Renata; Ghoshal, Subhashis; Santaella, Catherine; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade de Sorocaba; McGill University; Aix-Marseille University
This book discusses inorganic/metallic nanopesticides and fertilizers. Rather than providing a general review of the topic, it offers a critical assessment of what has been achieved and highlights future measures to allow agriculture to profit from the properties of inorganic nanoparticles. It covers a variety of topics, including strategies for preparing cost-effective nanoparticles, their chemistry both within and outside the plant, the effects of nanoparticles in the field and whether the current strategies were successful in increasing crop yields. This book will appeal to readers in academia and industry, as well as stakeholders and anyone who has an interest in the applications of inorganic nanopesticides and nanofertilizers as well as the potential use of these technologies in agriculture.
Pre-emergence herbicidal efficiency and uptake of atrazine-loaded zein nanoparticles: a sustainable alternative to weed control
(2023-01-01) Carvalho, Lucas Bragança [UNESP]; Godoy, Isabela Silva; Preisler, Ana Cristina; de Freitas Proença, Patrícia Luiza [UNESP]; Saraiva-Santos, Telma; Verri, Waldiceu Aparecido; Oliveira, Halley Caixeta; Dalazen, Giliardi; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
In this study, we describe the development of zein nanoparticles associated with the herbicide atrazine and evaluate the pre-emergence activity of this formulation against a target (Brassica juncea) and a non-target (Zea mays) plant, as well as its soil mobility and uptake/transport in the tissues of Bidens pilosa plants. The proposed nanoformulation showed good colloidal stability, with nanoparticles of spherical shape, sizes between 130 and 170 nm, and an encapsulation efficiency of the active ingredient above 90%. The nanoencapsulation provided greater herbicide effectiveness against B. juncea, even at a dose 80 times lower than the recommended, without posing toxicity to the crop species. The monitoring of FITC-labeled nanoparticles indicated that the nanostructures were captured and accumulated in B. pilosa and Z. mays roots, but were poorly transported to the shoot. In addition, atrazine nanoencapsulation did not increase the mobility of the herbicide in the soil compared to the conventional formulation, remaining at the upper soil fractions, where the seed bank is located. Thus, these findings highlight the potential of this nanoformulation as an alternative for weed control.
Nanocomposite hydrogels 3D printed for application in water remediation
(2023-06-01) Baigorria, E. [UNESP]; Souza dos Santos, S. [UNESP]; de Moura, M. R. [UNESP]; Fraceto, L. F. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata (UNMdP)
Three-dimensional (3D) printing of bioinks for the development of nanocomposite hybrid adsorbent hydrogels was performed. Sodium alginate (SA) matrix hydrogels and bentonite clay (SA-B) nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized for this purpose. The bioinks used were characterized rheologically and the devices obtained were characterized physicochemically and morphologically. The efficiency of the hydrogels in the adsorption of the pesticide paraquat (PQ) was also studied. The results revealed the efficient formation of hybrid hydrogels and that the presence of clay in the biopolymer matrix improved the rheological, mechanical, thermal, and porous properties of the SA-B hydrogels. Both the SA-B30 bioink and corresponding 3D-printed device were found to be the best systems for use. PQ adsorption tests showed equilibrium adsorption capacities of 1.16, 1.33, 1.45, 2.10, 2.29, and 1.64 mg/g for SA, SA-B5, SA-B10, SA-B20, SA-B30, and SA-B50, respectively. Adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous in nature, involving physisorption processes. In addition, it exhibited a correlation mainly with the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model used for nanocomposite devices. The SA-B30 hydrogel exhibited the best PQ adsorption performance. Recovery and reusability of the devices were achieved at least six times. This indicates that the synthesized eco-friendly, biodegradable, and low-cost materials can contribute to the circular economy. Thus, the developed adsorbent materials significantly contribute to ensuring that water is safe for human consumption.
Acaricides containing zein nanoparticles: A tool for a lower impact control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus
(2023-06-01) Figueiredo, Amanda [UNESP]; Anholeto, Luís Adriano; Cola, Diego Faria [UNESP]; Fantatto, Rafaela Regina [UNESP]; Gainza, Yousmel Alemán [UNESP]; dos Santos, Isabella Barbosa [UNESP]; Viçozzi, Gabriel Pedroso; Ávila, Daiana Silva; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; Chagas, Ana Carolina de Souza; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Federal University of Pampa
Nanoformulations containing zein nanoparticles (ZN) can promote the stability and protection of molecules with acaricidal activity. The present study sought to develop nanoformulations with ZN associated with cypermethrin (CYPE) + chlorpyrifos (CHLO) + a plant compound (citral, menthol or limonene), characterize them, and verify their efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. Additionally, we aimed to assess its safety in nontarget nematodes found in soil at a site subjected to contamination by acaricides. The nanoformulations were characterized by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Nanoformulations 1 (ZN+CYPE+CHLO+citral), 2 (ZN+CYPE+CHLO+menthol), and 3 (ZN+CYPE+CHLO+limonene) were measured for diameter, polydispersion, zeta potential, concentration, and encapsulation efficiency. Nanoformulations 1, 2, and 3 were evaluated in a range from 0.004 to 0.466 mg/mL on R. microplus larvae and caused mortality > 80% at concentrations above 0.029 mg/mL. The commercial acaricide Colosso® (CYPE 15 g + CHLO 25 g + citronellal 1 g) was evaluated also from 0.004 to 0.512 mg/mL and resulted in 71.9% larval mortality at 0.064 mg/mL. Formulations 1, 2, and 3 at 0.466 mg/mL showed acaricidal efficacy of 50.2%, 40.5%, and 60.1% on engorged females, respectively, while Colosso® at 0.512 mg/mL obtained only 39.4%. The nanoformulations exhibited long residual period of activity and lower toxicity to nontarget nematodes. ZN was able to protect the active compounds against degradation during the storage period. Thus, ZN can be an alternative for the development of new acaricidal formulations using lower concentrations of active compounds.
Encapsulated plant growth regulators and associative microorganisms: Nature-based solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change on plants
(2023-06-01) Campos, Estefânia V.R. [UNESP]; Pereira, Anderson do E.S. [UNESP]; Aleksieienko, Ivan; do Carmo, Giovanna C.; Gohari, Gholamreza; Santaella, Catherine; Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]; Oliveira, Halley C.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); B.Nano Soluções Tecnológicas Ltda; Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); University of Maragheh
Over the past decades, the atmospheric CO2 concentration and global average temperature have been increasing, and this trend is projected to soon become more severe. This scenario of climate change intensifies abiotic stress factors (such as drought, flooding, salinity, and ultraviolet radiation) that threaten forest and associated ecosystems as well as crop production. These factors can negatively affect plant growth and development with a consequent reduction in plant biomass accumulation and yield, in addition to increasing plant susceptibility to biotic stresses. Recently, biostimulants have become a hotspot as an effective and sustainable alternative to alleviate the negative effects of stresses on plants. However, the majority of biostimulants have poor stability under environmental conditions, which leads to premature degradation, shortening their biological activity. To solve these bottlenecks, micro- and nano-based formulations containing biostimulant molecules and/or microorganisms are gaining attention, as they demonstrate several advantages over their conventional formulations. In this review, we focus on the encapsulation of plant growth regulators and plant associative microorganisms as a strategy to boost their application for plant protection against abiotic stresses. We also address the potential limitations and challenges faced for the implementation of this technology, as well as possibilities regarding future research.
Preface
(2020-01-01) Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]; de Castro, Vera Lucia S. S.; Grillo, Renato [UNESP]; Ávila, Daiana; Oliveira, Halley Caixeta; Lima, Renata; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Federal University of Pampa; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Sorocaba University
Overview of Nanopesticide Environmental Safety Aspects and Regulatory Issues: The Case of Nanoatrazine
(2020-01-01) de Albuquerque, Felícia Pereira [UNESP]; Preisler, Ana Cristina; Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]; Oliveira, Halley Caixeta; de Castro, Vera Lucia S. S.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
The use of nanotechnology to create new formulations has shown great potential to reduce the indiscriminate use of pesticides and provide environmentally safer alternatives. Pesticides formulated using controlled release nanosystems are designed to efficiently provide sufficient and targeted quantities of active ingredients to target organisms, thus improving crop yields and reducing environmental contamination with pesticides. However, the possible harmful effects of these nanomaterials on the environment are not yet well understood, highlighting the need for studies assessing the fate and behavior of nanopesticides in the environment. This chapter will discuss the major challenges and advances in the research regarding nanopesticide risk analysis. It will also discuss the difficulty in developing regulations about the commercialization of nanoproducts, due to the underlying specific features of nanomaterials that drive their reactivity and toxicity. Finally, the case of nanoatrazine will be reviewed, providing an example of how the nanoencapsulation can affect herbicide efficiency and influence its toxicity to different non-target organisms.
Nanopesticides: From Research and Development to Mechanisms of Action and Sustainable Use in Agriculture
(2020-01-01) Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]; de Castro, Vera Lucia S. S.; Grillo, Renato [UNESP]; Ávila, Daiana; Oliveira, Halley Caixeta; Lima, Renata; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Federal University of Pampa; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Sorocaba University
This book explores the development of nanopesticides and tests of their biological activity against target organisms. It also covers the effects of nanopesticides in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, along with related subjects including fate, behaviour, mechanisms of action and toxicity. Moreover, the book discusses the potential risks of nanopesticides for non-target organisms, as well as regulatory issues and future perspectives.
Repellent active ingredients encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles: potential alternative formulations to control arboviruses
(2022-12-01) Abrantes, Daniele Carvalho [UNESP]; Rogerio, Carolina Barbara [UNESP]; Campos, Estefânia Vangelie Ramos [UNESP]; Germano-Costa, Tais; Vigato, Aryane Alves; Machado, Ian Pompermeyer; Sepulveda, Anderson Ferreira; Lima, Renata; de Araujo, Daniele Ribeiro; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Sorocaba; Federal University of ABC
Dengue, yellow fever, Chinkungunya, Zika virus, and West Nile fever have infected millions and killed a considerable number of humans since their emergence. These arboviruses are transmitted by mosquito bites and topical chemical repellents are the most commonly used method to protect against vector arthropod species. This study aimed to develop a new generation of repellent formulations to promote improved arboviruses transmission control. A repellent system based on polycaprolactone (PCL)-polymeric nanoparticles was developed for the dual encapsulation of IR3535 and geraniol and further incorporation into a thermosensitive hydrogel. The physicochemical and morphological parameters of the prepared formulations were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nano tracking analysis (NTA), atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro release mechanisms and permeation performance were evaluated before and after nanoparticles incorporation into the hydrogels. FTIR analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of formulation epidermal contact. Potential cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT reduction test and disc diffusion methods. The nanoparticle formulations were stable over 120 days with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 60% and 99% for IR3535 and geraniol, respectively. AFM analysis revealed a spherical nanoparticle morphology. After 24 h, 7 ± 0.1% and 83 ± 2% of the GRL and IR3535, respectively, were released while the same formulation incorporated in poloxamer 407 hydrogel released 11 ± 0.9% and 29 ± 3% of the loaded GRL and IR3535, respectively. GRL permeation from PCL nanoparticles and PCL nanoparticles in the hydrogel showed similar profiles, while IR3535 permeation was modulated by formulation compositions. Differences in IR3535 permeated amounts were higher for PCL nanoparticles in the hydrogels (36.9 ± 1.1 mg/cm2) compared to the IR3535-PCL nanoparticles (29.2 ± 1.5 mg/cm2). However, both active permeation concentrations were low at 24 h, indicating that the formulations (PCL nanoparticles and PCL in hydrogel) controlled the bioactive percutaneous absorption. Minor changes in the stratum corneum (SC) caused by interaction with the formulations may not represent a consumer safety risk. The cytotoxicity results presented herein indicate the carrier systems based on poly-epsilon caprolactone (PCL) exhibited a reduced toxic effect when compared to emulsions, opening perspectives for these systems to be used as a tool to prolong protection times with lower active repellent concentrations.
Availability of Metribuzin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in Different Soil Systems: An Important Study on the Development of Safe Nanoherbicides
(2022-12-01) Takeshita, Vanessa; Munhoz-Garcia, Gustavo Vinicios; Werk Pinácio, Camila; Cardoso, Brian Cintra; Nalin, Daniel; Tornisielo, Valdemar Luiz; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Nanoformulations have been used to improve the delivery of fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators, with a focus on more sustainable agriculture. Nanoherbicide research has focused on efficiency gains through targeted delivery and environmental risk reduction. However, research on the behavior and safety of the application of these formulations in cropping systems is still limited. Organic matter contained in cropping systems can change the dynamics of herbicide–soil interactions in the presence of nanoformulations. The aim of this study was to use classical protocols from regulatory studies to understand the retention and mobility dynamics of a metribuzin nanoformulation, compared to a conventional formulation. We used different soil systems and soil with added fresh organic material. The batch method was used for sorption–desorption studies and soil thin layer chromatography for mobility studies, both by radiometric techniques. Sorption parameters for both formulations showed that retention is a reversible process in all soil systems (H~1.0). In deep soil with added fresh organic material, nanoformulation was more sorbed (14.61 ± 1.41%) than commercial formulation (9.72 ± 1.81%) (p < 0.05). However, even with the presence of straw as a physical barrier, metribuzin in nano and conventional formulations was mobile in the soil, indicating that the straw can act as a barrier to reduce herbicide mobility but is not impeditive to herbicide availability in the soil. Our results suggest that environmental safety depends on organic material maintenance in the soil system. The availability can be essential for weed control, associated with nanoformulation efficiency, in relation to the conventional formulation.
Development and biological evaluation of nanoencapsulated-based pyrethroids with synergists for resistance management of two soybean pests: insights for new insecticide formulations
(2023-03-01) Boff, Jéssica S.; Reis, Alexandre C.; de Oliveira, Jhones L. [UNESP]; Gross, Renata B.; Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]; Melo, Adriano A.; Bernardi, Oderlei; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Background: Chemical control is commonly used against Euschistus heros (F.) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) in soybean fields in South America. However, previous studies reported that these pests have reduced susceptibility to pyrethroids in Brazil. On this basis, we developed and evaluated nanoencapsulated-based bifenthrin (BFT) and λ-cyhalothrin (LAM) with the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) for insect resistance management (IRM). Results: Nanoformulations of BFT and LAM with PBO and DEM presented good physical–chemical characteristics and were stable. The spherical morphology of all systems and the encapsulation efficiency in nanostructured lipid carriers did not change when synergists were added. Nanoencapsulated BFT with DEM applied topically increased the susceptibility of E. heros to BFT by 3.50-fold. Similarly, nanoencapsulated BFT and LAM with PBO in diet-overlay bioassays increased the susceptibility of C. includens to both chemicals by up to 2.16-fold. Nanoencapsulated BFT and LAM with synergists also improve control efficacy of both species, causing higher mortality than commercial products containing these chemistries. Conclusions: It is possible to develop nanoencapsulated-based formulations of BFT and LAM with PBO or DEM, and these nanoformulations have the potential to improve control of E. heros and C. includens with recognized low susceptibility to pyrethroids. This study provides updates for designing new insecticide formulations for IRM. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Heterocyclic agrochemical hosted by cyclodextrin and hybrid cyclodextrin-silica materials: Characterization, release behavior, and mobility in soil
(2023-01-05) Bragança Carvalho, Lucas [UNESP]; Abreu Venceslau, Adneia de Fátima; Luz Ambrosio Breisch, Daniela; Fernandes Fraceto, Leonardo [UNESP]; Jaime, Carlos; Matos Alves Pinto, Luciana; Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Atrazine (ATZ) formulations are used to control a broad spectrum of weeds. The combination of ATZ with macromolecular systems, such as cyclodextrins (CDs), can improve its usefulness and herbicide efficacy related to the controlled release of the active ingredient. In this study, inclusion complexes of ATZ in CD and hybrid cyclodextrin-silica materials (CDSI) were prepared and characterized. Infrared spectral analysis of the inclusion compounds, concomitant with the suppression of the endothermic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) peaks related to the fusion temperature of ATZ, confirmed the inclusion of ATZ in the functionalized and nonfunctionalized oligosaccharides. The linear increase in ATZ solubilization with the increasing addition of CD indicated that the inclusion stoichiometry was 1:1 in all studied systems. The increase in solubilization of the herbicide was approximately 1.3 times for α-CD and γ-CD, which had association constants of 20.3 and 13.4 L mol−1, respectively. The increase in solubility for α-CDSI and γ-CDSI was 3.3 and 2.7-fold, and the association constants were 161.1 and 111.1 L mol−1, respectively. Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations were performed using the force fields MM3* and AMBER*, and the results indicated that the most stable conformations resulted from the penetration of ATZ through the narrower cavity of the CDs. The MD calculations indicated three possible orientations for ATZ in the α-CD cavity, while for γ-CD the amplitude of the standard deviation of the energy values made it impossible to select a more favorable orientation. The ATZ release profile was affected by complexation. Over 22 h, more than 50% of noncomplexed ATZ was released, while for the complexes, less than 20% was released. The complexation, as well as the commercial formulation, provided variations in the development of Brassica juncea seedlings for the layers with higher concentrations of ATZ, thus agreeing with soil layer mobility studies indicated that complexation did not increase the leaching capacity of ATZ, which was mainly distributed in the upper soil layers, where it may be more available for herbicide control functions.
Advances in Nano-Fertilizers and Nano-Pesticides in Agriculture: A Smart Delivery System for Crop Improvement
(2020-01-01) Jogaiah, Sudisha; Singh, Harikesh Bahadur; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; de Lima, Renata; Karnatak University; GLA University; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de Sorocaba
Advances in Nano-fertilizers and Nano-pesticides in Agriculture: A Smart Delivery System for Crop Improvement explores the use of nanotechnology for the controlled delivery of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers that improve the safety of products while also increasing the efficiency of food production and decreased environmental pollution. The development of nanodevices such as smart delivery systems to target specific sites, as well as nanocarriers for chemical controlled release are currently important aspects in novel agriculture and require a strong foundation of understanding, not only the technology, but also the resulting impacts.
Impacts of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments
(2021-01-01) Grillo, Renato; Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]; Federal University of ABC Santo André; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has found utility across many domains to include biotechnology and medicine, materials science, and environmental remediation. This is due in large part to their small size, surface chemistry, and magnetic properties. Although the properties, synthesis, and diverse industrial and commercial uses of IONPs are well described in the literature, little is known about their potential adverse environmental impacts once released to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and of course possible effects on human health. This chapter comprehensively discusses the emergent commercial applications of IONPs, particularly in clinical medicine, imaging and diagnostic applications, and other areas to include food engineering, and environmental mitigation to include removal of contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, and pesticides, among others. Given their broad utility, this chapter critically discusses the known environmental fate, behavior, and toxicity of IONPs with a particular emphasis on aquatic and terrestrial systems. In the final section of this chapter, the known data and knowledge gaps are surveyed, particularly in regard to the speciation of IONPs nano-particles, trophic transfer and their potential for bioaccumulation, and biomagnification. In addition, the interactive effects of IONPs with diverse environmental species, which is influenced by a variety of environmental conditions to include pH and ionic strength, and temperature is considered. This chapter clearly identifies an urgent need for further environmental research and a critical need to characterize the environmental safety and aquatic/terrestrial toxicity of these novel nanomaterials.
Salvia leucantha essential oil encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles with toxicity and feeding physiology of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera
(2021-01-01) Dinesh, Devakumar; Murugan, Kadarkarai; Subramaniam, Jayapal; Paulpandi, Manickam; Chandramohan, Balamurugan; Pavithra, Krishnasamy; Anitha, Jaganathan; Vasanthakumaran, Murugan; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; Wang, Lan; Shoiu-Hwang, Jiang; Dahms, Hans-Uwe; Bharathiar University; Annamalai University; Kongunadu Arts and Science College; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Shanxi University; National Taiwan Ocean University; Kaohsiung Medical University
We investigated the effect of encapsulated Chitosan-nanoparticles by using Salvia leucantha essential oil on the insecticidal activity against H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella. The encapsulated nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, SEM, EDX, FTIR and ZP. Phytochemical analysis of essential oil revealed that the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, phenolics, and glycosides etc., and GC/MS analysis identified at least 12 compounds, the most abundant constituents were bornyl acetate, 1-Octadecanesulphonyl Chloride, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide. Bioassays was conducted to find out the toxicity against H. armigera and LC50 values of essential oil was 175.39ppm (larva I) 542.09ppm (pupa), and encapsulations of essential oil was 14.56ppm (I) 63.28ppm (pupa), respectively. Life history parameters and food efficiency utilization measures were significantly affected with concomitant decline in the activities of digestive enzymes after treatment of encapsulated Chitosan-nanoparticles for H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella. From the results the nanomatierals are effective and eco-friendly bio-insecticides for not only control bollworm and also other lepidopteran insects such as Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella at different crop ecosystem.
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF TROPICAL FOREST SEEDS ENCAPSULATED WITH GELS FROM VITIS VINIFERA AND SODIUM ALGINATE FOR DIRECT SEEDING
(2023-05-09) Dutra, F. B.; de Almeida, L. S.; Dona, D. B.J.; Piotrowski, I.; da Silva, J. M.S.; Sabonaro, D. Z.; dos Santos, V.; Chaud, M. V.; da Silva, A. M. [UNESP]; Piña-Rodrigues, F. C.M.; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); LTDA; Sorocaba; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The objective of the study was to evaluate the encapsulation of seeds of tropical forest species with cellulose gel (CG) from Vitis vinifera and sodium alginate, with and without biostimulant, in order to optimise its size, shape and performance for direct seeding. Four species used in direct seeding were selected, i.e., Bixa orellana L., Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze, Trema micrantha (L.) Blume and Psidium guajava L.. The experimental design was completely randomised with eight treatments and four repetitions of 100 seeds each. Encapsulation affected the physical quality of the seeds, however, it facilitated their handling and visualisation in germination tests, especially for T. micrantha, with a 4-fold increase in size with alginate gel and 2-fold with CG. Sodium alginate performed better than CG, synchronising the growth of B. orellana seedlings. The biostimulant showed potential to synchronise germination, vigor and seedling growth when associated with dormancy break for M. bimucronata, and promoted seedling growth for P. guajava. Sodium alginate gel has potential for seed enhancement, while CG encapsulation needs to be improved in relation to its physical characteristics, requiring further studies. The biostimulant can be recommended for enhancing uniformity of seed emergence in direct seeding.
Titanium biogenic nanoparticles to help the growth of Trichoderma harzianum to be used in biological control
(2023-12-01) Pasquoto-Stigliani, Tatiane; Guilger-Casagrande, Mariana [UNESP]; Campos, Estefânia V. R. [UNESP]; Germano-Costa, Tais; Bilesky-José, Natalia; Migliorini, Bianca B.; Feitosa, Leandro O.; Sousa, Bruno T.; de Oliveira, Halley C.; Fraceto, Leonardo F. [UNESP]; Lima, Renata; University of Sorocaba (UNISO); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Londrina (UEL)
Background: The biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a green alternative that reduces the toxicity of this nanomaterials and may enable a synergy between the metallic core and the biomolecules employed in the process enhancing biological activity. The aim of this study was to synthesize biogenic titanium nanoparticles using the filtrate of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum as a stabilizing agent, to obtain a potential biological activity against phytopathogens and mainly stimulate the growth of T. harzianum, enhancing its efficacy for biological control. Results: The synthesis was successful and reproductive structures remained in the suspension, showing faster and larger mycelial growth compared to commercial T. harzianum and filtrate. The nanoparticles with residual T. harzianum growth showed inhibitory potential against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth and the formation of new resistant structures. A great chitinolytic activity of the nanoparticles was observed in comparison with T. harzianum. In regard to toxicity evaluation, an absence of cytotoxicity and a protective effect of the nanoparticles was observed through MTT and Trypan blue assay. No genotoxicity was observed on V79-4 and 3T3 cell lines while HaCat showed higher sensitivity. Microorganisms of agricultural importance were not affected by the exposure to the nanoparticles, however a decrease in the number of nitrogen cycling bacteria was observed. In regard to phytotoxicity, the nanoparticles did not cause morphological and biochemical changes on soybean plants. Conclusion: The production of biogenic nanoparticles was an essential factor in stimulating or maintaining structures that are important for biological control, showing that this may be an essential strategy to stimulate the growth of biocontrol organisms to promote more sustainable agriculture. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Zein-based nanoformulations with encapsulated methyl salicylate incorporated in 3D printing biopolymer devices targeting potential uses in pest management
(2023-08-05) Villarreal, Gabriela Patricia Unigarro [UNESP]; Santo Pereira, Anderson do Espirito [UNESP]; Matos de Freitas, Roberta Ranielle [UNESP]; Moraes, Maria Carolina Blassioli; Sepulveda, Anderson Ferreira; de Araujo, Daniele Ribeiro; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
The management of pests in agriculture has numerous issues, for instance, their impact in the environment. The use of synthetic semiochemicals for the pest control have a limited shelf life and low stability in the field. In this regard, nanocarrier systems may improve the stability overtime and to promote a sustainability release. The objective of this study was to prepare and characterized zein nanoparticles (NP-Zein) containing the semiochemical methyl salicylate (S_Met) and incorporated into sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-created by 3D printing prototypes targeting as a potential application for pest management. The system was characterized using different physicochemical techniques and the results showed that the nanocarrier system had encapsulation efficiency of 99 % of S_Met. The NP-Zein had an average diameter of 150 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.18 ± 0.04. The incorporation of NP-Zein loaded S_Met in the crosslinked prototypes exhibited a rough surface with excellent NP-Zein adhesion as showed by fluorescence optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy images. The non-crosslinked prototypes had smooth and cracked surfaces, however, it did not affect the adhesion of NP-Zein loaded S_Met. Moreover, NP-Zein loaded S_Met in SA promote a sustained release over time, improving the S_Met stability and loss by volatilization. The results demonstrated that is possible to develop prototypes containing NP-Zein loaded S_Met by 3D printing using biodegradable polymeric materials. The developed prototypes can be a potential alternative for sustainable management aiming future application for pest control.
Encapsulation of entomopathogenic fungal conidia: evaluation of stability and control potential of Rhipicephalus microplus
(2023-07-01) Meirelles, Laura Nobrega; Mesquita, Emily; Corrêa, Thaís Almeida; Bitencourt, Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa; Oliveira, Jhones Luiz [UNESP]; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes [UNESP]; Camargo, Mariana Guedes; Bittencourt, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The use of chemical acaricides is the primary strategy to control tick infestations. Nonetheless, chemical resistance in ticks has been reported. Thus, complementary methods such as biological control using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been investigated. EPF, although efficient, have their viability compromised when applied under natural conditions, which indicates that formulation development is essential. Some researchers have demonstrated the efficacy of ionic gelation in protecting EPF against deleterious abiotic factors. In the present study, we conducted the ionic gelation technique to encapsulate Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) conidia in 2% (EC 2%) and 3% (EC 3%) sodium alginate. Next, the quantity and viability of encapsulated conidia (EC) were determined. The morphology of particles was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). EC and non-encapsulated conidia (NEC) were stored at room temperature (26.8 °C) and in the freezer (-11.9 °C) to shelf-life testing. For UV-B irradiance tolerance and thermotolerance tests, EC and NEC were exposed to UV-B (6.0 or 8.0 kJ m − 2) and heat (42 ºC). In addition, biological parameters of Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini (Acari: Ixodidae) engorged females exposed to EC were evaluated. The particles presented a spherical shape, more homogeneous (EC 2%) or heterogeneous (EC 3%). Encapsulation decreased (4.8×) the conidial concentration and did not affect their viability. On the other hand, encapsulation increased the shelf life of conidia at room temperature as well as their UV-B tolerance and thermotolerance (6 h). The fungal particles decreased the biological parameters of females more significantly than the NEC. As far as we know, we reported for the first time the use of the ionic gelation to encapsulate entomopathogenic fungi toward controlling R. microplus.

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