O efeito da ordenação e estrutura geométrica dos materiais PtSn/C e PdSn/C na eletrooxidação do glicerol em meio alcalino
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Data
2016-03-24
Autores
Bortoloti, Francielle [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente uma quantidade demasiadamente grande de glicerol tem sido produzida. O desenvolvimento de materiais que consigam eletro-oxidar essa molécula é de extrema importância, para que assim, este composto possa ter aplicações na geração de energia ou mesmo produzir produtos de interesse industrial. No presente trabalho foram estudadas as reações de oxidação do glicerol sobre as nanopartículas intermetálicas ordenadas PtSn/C, PdSn/C e as ligas PtSn/C, PdSn/C em meio alcalino. A caracterização físico-química dos materiais foi realizada por Difração de Raios-X, Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva por Raios-X, Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão de Alta Resolução e Espectroscopia de Absorção de Raios-X. Estas análises indicaram a formação de fases intermetálicas quando utilizado o método de redução por poliol, e a formação de ligas metálicas quando empregado o método da microemulsão. O desempenho eletroquímico foi avaliado pelas técnicas de voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria. Todas as nanopartículas apresentaram atividade frente à reação de oxidação do glicerol, sendo que os materiais à base de Pt se destacaram em relação aos de Pd. Além disso, foi o intermetálico ordenado PtSn/C que demonstrou melhor desempenho eletroquímico, o que pode ser atribuído ao efeito eletrônico provocado pela adição do segundo metal (Sn). Através das análises dos espectros de massas foi identificado que para os materiais PtSn/C os produtos formados durante a eletrólise foram gliceraldeído, ácido glicólico e ácido fórmico, evidenciando a clivagem entre as ligações C-C. Em relação a PdSn/C, a quebra entre as ligações C-C não ocorreu, e os produtos formados foram gliceraldeído ou dihidroxiacetona para o intermetálico ordenado PdSn/C, e ácido tartrônico para a liga PdSn/C. Foi sugerido o mecanismo da reação de oxidação do glicerol nos materiais estudados.
Nowadays, the huge amount of glycerol produced from biodiesel obtaining process becomes an important environmental concern in our country. So, development of new and improvement of ancient methods of using glycerol urges to avoid the unappropriated discard of this compound and the consequent environmental pollution. Among the several methods early proposed, the enhancement of electrode materials able to electrooxidize glycerol appears as viable alternative to produce energy and/or high aggregated value chemicals. In the present work, it was investigated the performance of ordered intermetallic nanoparticles PtSn/C and PdSn/C and the alloys PtSn/C and Pd/Sn/C as anode materials to electrooxidize glycerol molecule in alkaline medium. The physical-chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed by using X-Ray Diffraction, Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry, High Resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy techniques. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed the prevalence of ordered intermetallic structure from the synthetic route via polyol-modified protocol as well as the alloy structure prevalence as the materials were synthesized via micro-emulsion protocol. The electrochemical performance of the materials was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. All materials proved to be active for the glycerol electrooxidation reaction and it was observed the superior performance of the materials based on Pt as compared to the similar ones based on Pd. Moreover, ordered intermetallic PtSn/C presented the best performance among all the studied materials, which was proposed to be a consequence of the electronic effect of the neighbor Sn atom towards the Pt adsorption site. From mass spectra analysis, glyceraldehyde, glycolic acid and formic acid were detected as main products as the electrooxidation took place at Pt surfaces, evidencing the C-C bond cleavage. On the other hand, the same phenomenon was not observed for the reaction at Pd materials and the main products detected were glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone for ordered intermetallic PdSn/C and tartronic acid for PdSn/C alloy. The corresponding electrooxidation mechanisms were proposed for the reaction occurring on all materials.
Nowadays, the huge amount of glycerol produced from biodiesel obtaining process becomes an important environmental concern in our country. So, development of new and improvement of ancient methods of using glycerol urges to avoid the unappropriated discard of this compound and the consequent environmental pollution. Among the several methods early proposed, the enhancement of electrode materials able to electrooxidize glycerol appears as viable alternative to produce energy and/or high aggregated value chemicals. In the present work, it was investigated the performance of ordered intermetallic nanoparticles PtSn/C and PdSn/C and the alloys PtSn/C and Pd/Sn/C as anode materials to electrooxidize glycerol molecule in alkaline medium. The physical-chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed by using X-Ray Diffraction, Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry, High Resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy techniques. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed the prevalence of ordered intermetallic structure from the synthetic route via polyol-modified protocol as well as the alloy structure prevalence as the materials were synthesized via micro-emulsion protocol. The electrochemical performance of the materials was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. All materials proved to be active for the glycerol electrooxidation reaction and it was observed the superior performance of the materials based on Pt as compared to the similar ones based on Pd. Moreover, ordered intermetallic PtSn/C presented the best performance among all the studied materials, which was proposed to be a consequence of the electronic effect of the neighbor Sn atom towards the Pt adsorption site. From mass spectra analysis, glyceraldehyde, glycolic acid and formic acid were detected as main products as the electrooxidation took place at Pt surfaces, evidencing the C-C bond cleavage. On the other hand, the same phenomenon was not observed for the reaction at Pd materials and the main products detected were glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone for ordered intermetallic PdSn/C and tartronic acid for PdSn/C alloy. The corresponding electrooxidation mechanisms were proposed for the reaction occurring on all materials.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Intermetálicos, Ligas, Glicerol, Efeito eletrônico, Intermetallics, Alloys, Glycerol, Electro-oxidation, Electronic effect