A geometria presente em alguns livros didáticos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-02-24
Autores
Godoy, Juliana Samora [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa tem seu foco na Geometria presente alguns livros didáticos de Matemática, sendo a pergunta diretriz do trabalho: “Como fazer da leitura geométrica dos diagramas uma metodologia de análise para a Geometria presente nos livros didáticos de Matemática?”. O objetivo principal do trabalho é fazer da leitura geométrica dos diagramas uma metodologia de análise dos conteúdos de Geometria existentes em alguns livros didáticos. A coleta de dados se baseia em três coleções de livros didáticos de Matemática dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. A análise dos dados é realizada principalmente com base na teoria de leitura geométrica, desenvolvida por Dietiker e Brakoniecki (2014). Essa teoria diz respeito à negociação de significados entre o leitor e o texto escrito, ou seja, é a compreensão que quem está realizando a leitura desenvolve sobre os diagramas. É uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo. Tem como temas para a análise de dados: a identificação dos diferentes tipos de signos existentes nos diagramas dos livros didáticos analisados, bem como o estudo de propriedades métricas e topológicas de alguns conteúdos presentes nesses livros e a utilização de representações mentais de conceitos geométricos. Os diferentes tipos de signos são identificados de acordo com a teoria dos Signos de Peirce (1931), podendo ser indicadores, ícones ou símbolos, dependendo da definição assumida no texto e também do possível entendimento do leitor. Em meu trabalho, fica evidente que nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental II, principalmente, os autores das coleções de livros didáticos utilizam com frequência os indicadores para introduzir o assunto dos capítulos, e ao aprofundarem tais assuntos passam a se utilizar de ícones e depois formalizam conceitos utilizando-se de símbolos. O estudo de propriedades métricas e topológicas é pautado em Borges (2005), no qual há a assimilação de propriedades métricas com a parte quantitativa dos diagramas, e das propriedades topológicas com a parte qualitativa dos diagramas. Como resultado dessa análise, destaco que as propriedades métricas estão sendo mais utilizadas se comparadas com as propriedades topológicas, pois os autores, de modo geral, se utilizam de diversas marcações nas figuras para exemplificar uma ideia, focando assim nas propriedades métricas das figuras. Por último, o estudo de representações mentais é pautado em alguns autores, como por exemplo, Galperin (1989), que trata destas representações como sendo um processo que se constrói ao longo dos anos escolares. Esse processo de construção de representações mentais é evidenciado com o estudo dos livros, uma vez que tais representações começam a ser necessárias nos livros dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. A partir dessas análises, concluo que uma leitura geométrica é repleta de negociações de significados entre o texto e o que o leitor assume dos mesmos, já que são essas negociações que dão suporte para o entendimento do conteúdo. Destaco que ao fazer uma leitura multidimensional dos diagramas, é possível identificar quase todas as suas características relevantes, pois não olhamos especificamente para uma única classificação ou uma única dimensão de leitura, mas sim para grande parte das informações do diagrama, compondo assim a leitura geométrica.
This research focuses on geometry of Mathematics textbooks, and the main question of this work is: "How to read the geometric diagrams a methodology for this geometry in textbooks of mathematics?". The main objective of this study is to make the reading of the geometric diagrams a methodology of analysis of geometry issues in some textbooks. Data collection is based on three collections of textbooks of Mathematics of Primary Education II. The data were obtained from three collections of Mathematics textbooks of Secondary School. Data analysis was made mainly based on theory of geometric reading developed by Dietiker and Brakoniecki (2014). This theory concerns the negotiation of meanings between the reader and the written text, in other words, is the understanding that the reader develops abaout the diagrams. It is a qualitative research which have as themes for data analysis: the identification of the different types of signs in the diagrams of the textbooks analyzed, and the study of metric and topological properties of some contents present in these books and the use of mental representations of geometric concepts. The different types of signs are identified according to the theory of Signs of Peirce (1931), may be indicators, icons or symbols, depending on the assumed definition text and also the possible reader's understanding. In this study is evident that mainly in the early years of Second school, the authors of the textbooks collections often use the indicators to introduce the subject of the chapters, and when deepen such matters come to be used icons and then formalize concepts using symbols. The study of metric and topological properties is guided by Borges (2005), in which there is assimilation from metric properties with the quantitative part of the diagrams and, from the topological properties with the qualitative part of diagrams. As a result of this analysis, we emphasize that the metric properties are being used more as compared with the topological properties, since the authors, in general, use several tags in the figures to illustrate an idea, thus focusing on the metric properties of the figures. Finally, the study of mental representations is guided by some authors, such as Galperin (1989), which deals with these representations as a process that is developed over the school years. This process is evidenced by the study books, since such representations will be necessary in the books of the final years of Secondary school. Based on this analysis, we concluded that a geometric reading is full of negotiations of meaning between the text and what the reader assumes from the same, as are these negotiations that support the understanding of the content. I emphasize that when making a multidimensional reading of diagrams, it is possible to identify almost all the relevant characteristics, for not specifically look at a single classification or a single dimension of reading, but for a big part of the diagram information, composing of this way the geometric reading.
This research focuses on geometry of Mathematics textbooks, and the main question of this work is: "How to read the geometric diagrams a methodology for this geometry in textbooks of mathematics?". The main objective of this study is to make the reading of the geometric diagrams a methodology of analysis of geometry issues in some textbooks. Data collection is based on three collections of textbooks of Mathematics of Primary Education II. The data were obtained from three collections of Mathematics textbooks of Secondary School. Data analysis was made mainly based on theory of geometric reading developed by Dietiker and Brakoniecki (2014). This theory concerns the negotiation of meanings between the reader and the written text, in other words, is the understanding that the reader develops abaout the diagrams. It is a qualitative research which have as themes for data analysis: the identification of the different types of signs in the diagrams of the textbooks analyzed, and the study of metric and topological properties of some contents present in these books and the use of mental representations of geometric concepts. The different types of signs are identified according to the theory of Signs of Peirce (1931), may be indicators, icons or symbols, depending on the assumed definition text and also the possible reader's understanding. In this study is evident that mainly in the early years of Second school, the authors of the textbooks collections often use the indicators to introduce the subject of the chapters, and when deepen such matters come to be used icons and then formalize concepts using symbols. The study of metric and topological properties is guided by Borges (2005), in which there is assimilation from metric properties with the quantitative part of the diagrams and, from the topological properties with the qualitative part of diagrams. As a result of this analysis, we emphasize that the metric properties are being used more as compared with the topological properties, since the authors, in general, use several tags in the figures to illustrate an idea, thus focusing on the metric properties of the figures. Finally, the study of mental representations is guided by some authors, such as Galperin (1989), which deals with these representations as a process that is developed over the school years. This process is evidenced by the study books, since such representations will be necessary in the books of the final years of Secondary school. Based on this analysis, we concluded that a geometric reading is full of negotiations of meaning between the text and what the reader assumes from the same, as are these negotiations that support the understanding of the content. I emphasize that when making a multidimensional reading of diagrams, it is possible to identify almost all the relevant characteristics, for not specifically look at a single classification or a single dimension of reading, but for a big part of the diagram information, composing of this way the geometric reading.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Geometria, Leitura Geométrica, Signo, Diagrama, Geometry, Geometric reading, Sign, Diagram