Acidentes de trabalho em hospital público de alta complexidade no interior paulista: estudo das concepções de segurança
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Data
2016-02-26
Autores
Soares, Tayla Borges [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As ações de saúde do trabalhador contemplam relações saúde-trabalho em toda a sua
complexidade influenciando na promoção da saúde, prevenção de adoecimento, mudanças em
processo de trabalho, prevenção de acidentes e solidificação da cultura de segurança. Para
investigar estes aspectos em uma instituição hospitalar foi realizado um estudo transversal
com metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa adotando como base teórico-metodológica a visão
sistêmica das organizações de trabalho e o MAPA como instrumento norteador para análise
dos dados, com o objetivo de compreender concepções de segurança no trabalho e a
aprendizagem organizacional dela decorrente neste hospital público de alta complexidade do
interior paulista. Como principal fonte de dados foram utilizados 441 registros de acidentes de
trabalho ocorridos de primeiro de março de 2010 a vinte e sete de março de 2013, notificados
em duas instituições distintas de acordo com os vínculos empregatícios dos funcionários.
Houve ainda uma etapa de re análise do conteúdo das recomendações de segurança e das
causas identificadas para os acidentes. Essas informações foram divididas em categorias
semelhantes de acordo com conteúdo. Ainda na re análise os registros foram revistos
ensejando categorização de análises como usos ou não das noções de análise de barreiras e de
mudanças. A segunda fonte de dados utilizada foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas
com diretores dos dois SESMTs atuantes na instituição. Com base nos dados coletados foi
possível identificar os acidentes típicos e ocorridos no período da manhã como sendo os mais
prevalentes e ainda traçar um perfil da população que mais sofre acidente de trabalho no
hospital, sendo esta, mulheres integrantes da equipe de enfermagem com idade entre 31 e 40
anos que trabalham em regime de turno. No que se refere às análises dos acidentes a
abordagem tradicionalista foi prevalente. Em 65% dos casos identificaram apenas uma causa
para o AT, o que indica uma visão limitada da complexidade do trabalho e ainda pouco mais
de 51% fizeram recomendações de segurança para prevenir novos AT sendo que estas eram
em sua maioria centradas no comportamento dos funcionários. 131 registros foram
classificados como de uso da noção de análise de barreiras, 140 referiram análises de
mudanças e outros 144 não apresentavam análise que possibilitasse uma classificação. A
gestão fragmentada das ocorrências de AT e o andamento das análises são feitos de forma
prejudiciais para o olhar sistêmico dos casos, visto que os AT ocorrem em um mesmo local de
trabalho e são analisados por estâncias diferentes que não mantém fluxo estabelecido de
contato. É possível então afirmar que o tratamento institucional dado às informações de
análise de acidentes, no período estudado, não favorece iniciativas de aprendizagem para a
organização e incentivo à cultura de segurança.
The employee health actions include health-labor relations in all its complexity impacting on health promotion, illness prevention, changes in the working process, accidents’ prevention and a safety culture establishment. In order to investigate these aspects in a hospital, a crosssectional study, based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology, adopting theoretical and methodological basis of a systemic view of the labor organizations and using MAPA (Portuguese acronym for analysis and prevention of occupational accidents model) as a guiding instrument for data analysis, was conducted in order to understand conceptions of safety and organizational learning resulting there from this public hospital of high complexity in São Paulo State. The main data source used was a record of 441 occupational accidents occurred from March 1st, 2010 to March 27th, 2013 reported by two different institutions according to employment contracts. There was a security recommendation and identified accidents' causes reanalysis - they were categorized accordingly to their content and reviewed by the existence of barriers and changes’ analysis.The second data source was from semistructured interviews with directors of the two active Specialized Services in Occupational Health and Safety in this institution. Based on the collected data, it could be possible to identify typical accidents and the ones occurred by the morning as the majority and a profile of who most suffers injuries of occupational accidents in the hospital could be traced - women from the nursery team aged between 31 and 40 years old which work on shifts. Regarding the accident analysis, the traditionalist approach was prevalent, 65% identified just one cause for the AT (acronym for occupational accidents), which indicates a limited view of the job complexity and about 51% provided security recommendation in order to avoid new ATs, which are mainly focused on employees' behavior) 131 records were categorized as using barriers’ analysis, 140 as using changes’ analysis and other 140 records were unable to be categorized. The fragmented management of occurrences of AT and the progress of the analyzes are made from harmful way to look systemic cases, as the learning organization occurs in the same workplace and are analyzed by different offices that do not maintain contact established flow. It can be inferred that the institutional treatment for accident analysis data, in the study period, is not conducive for learning initiatives and safety culture establishment for the organization.
The employee health actions include health-labor relations in all its complexity impacting on health promotion, illness prevention, changes in the working process, accidents’ prevention and a safety culture establishment. In order to investigate these aspects in a hospital, a crosssectional study, based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology, adopting theoretical and methodological basis of a systemic view of the labor organizations and using MAPA (Portuguese acronym for analysis and prevention of occupational accidents model) as a guiding instrument for data analysis, was conducted in order to understand conceptions of safety and organizational learning resulting there from this public hospital of high complexity in São Paulo State. The main data source used was a record of 441 occupational accidents occurred from March 1st, 2010 to March 27th, 2013 reported by two different institutions according to employment contracts. There was a security recommendation and identified accidents' causes reanalysis - they were categorized accordingly to their content and reviewed by the existence of barriers and changes’ analysis.The second data source was from semistructured interviews with directors of the two active Specialized Services in Occupational Health and Safety in this institution. Based on the collected data, it could be possible to identify typical accidents and the ones occurred by the morning as the majority and a profile of who most suffers injuries of occupational accidents in the hospital could be traced - women from the nursery team aged between 31 and 40 years old which work on shifts. Regarding the accident analysis, the traditionalist approach was prevalent, 65% identified just one cause for the AT (acronym for occupational accidents), which indicates a limited view of the job complexity and about 51% provided security recommendation in order to avoid new ATs, which are mainly focused on employees' behavior) 131 records were categorized as using barriers’ analysis, 140 as using changes’ analysis and other 140 records were unable to be categorized. The fragmented management of occurrences of AT and the progress of the analyzes are made from harmful way to look systemic cases, as the learning organization occurs in the same workplace and are analyzed by different offices that do not maintain contact established flow. It can be inferred that the institutional treatment for accident analysis data, in the study period, is not conducive for learning initiatives and safety culture establishment for the organization.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Worker's health, Workplace safety, Organizational learning, Acidentes de trabalho, Saúde do trabalhador, Segurança do trabalho, Aprendizagem organizacional, Work accidents