Estrutura da comunidade de Serpentes da Região da Fazenda Etá
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Data
2016-02-29
Autores
Fiorillo, Bruno Ferreto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os processos que regulam a riqueza e a composição de espécies em diferentes comunidades têm sido cada vez mais abordados em ecologia e, atualmente, graças a um número razoável de estudos sobre a ecologia e história natural de comunidades de serpentes disponíveis na literatura, tornou-se mais fácil formular hipóteses sobre como esses processos moldaram as comunidades desse grupo. No presente estudo a, localidade da Fazenda Etá (24,30264° S, 47,96106° W), localizada no município de Sete Barras, São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, foi amostrada entre abril de 2013 e março de 2014, onde nós realizamos amostragens mensais de 2 semanas, utilizando diferentes metodologias que diferiram fortemente quanto à sua eficiência. Nós encontramos 17 espécies de serpentes (4 famílias, 14 gêneros) em campo e uma na segundo a literatura na área de estudo. As informações obtidas em campo permitiram comparar as diferentes fisionomias quanto à composição, riqueza e abundância e quanto ao uso dos recursos pelas espécies de serpentes. Também comparamos a comunidade da Fazenda Etá com outras comunidades de serpentes da Mata Atlântica, quanto à composição e riqueza de espécies. A comunidade apresentou composição e riqueza típicas das baixadas litorâneas do sudeste do Brasil, com diferenças nas abundâncias relativas entre as diferentes fisionomias. Além da clara influência da cobertura vegetal na diversidade de espécies, as variáveis climáticas, especialmente as temperaturas mínimas, tiveram influência em sua atividade. Analisando as características biológicas das espécies que compõem a comunidade em conjunto, ficou evidente que estas são filogeneticamente conservadas e, como em outras comunidades neotropicais, há uma grande sobreposição na utilização de recursos entre as espécies. A comparação entre as comunidades de serpentes ao longo de toda a Mata Atlântica, do sul ao nordeste do Brasil, revelou, no geral, alta diversidade beta e uma clara subdivisão em quatro regiões. Os resultados obtidos aqui têm grande potencial para auxiliar no entendimento dos fatores responsáveis pela estruturação de comunidades de serpentes neotropicais.
The processes that regulate the richness and species composition in different communities have been increasingly addressed in the last decades and presently, thanks to a reasonable number of studies on ecology and natural history of snake communities available in the literature, it became easier to formulate hypotheses about how these processes shaped the communities of this group. In this study, the Etá Farm (24,30264° S, 47,96106° W), located in the municipality of Sete Barras, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, was sampled frm April 2013 to March 2014, where we performed two-week samplings every month, using different methodologies that differed greatly in efficiency. We found 17 species of snakes in the study area (4 families, 14 genera) and found a record of an additional one in the literature. Based on specimens deposited in scientific collections and records in the literature, seven additional species occur in the region. The information obtained in the field made possible a comparison of the different vegetation types regarding species composition, richness and abundance and of the use of resources by species. We also compared the community of Etá Farm with other snake communities from the Atlantic Forest regarding species composition and richness. The studied community showed the typical composition and richness of snake communities from the coastal lowlands of southeastern Brazil, with differences in the relative abundances in the different vegetation types. Beyond a clear influence of vegetation cover on species richness, climatic variables, especially minimum temperatures, had a marked influence on snake activity. Comparing the biological features of the species that make up the community, it became clear that most of them are phylogenetically conserved and, as observed in other Neotropical communities, there is a great overlap in resource use between species. The comparison of communities from throughout the Atlantic Forest (southern to northeastern Brazil) revealed in general a high beta diversity and a clear division into four regions. The results of this study have a great potential to help our understanding of the factors responsible for the structuring of Neotropical snake communities.
The processes that regulate the richness and species composition in different communities have been increasingly addressed in the last decades and presently, thanks to a reasonable number of studies on ecology and natural history of snake communities available in the literature, it became easier to formulate hypotheses about how these processes shaped the communities of this group. In this study, the Etá Farm (24,30264° S, 47,96106° W), located in the municipality of Sete Barras, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, was sampled frm April 2013 to March 2014, where we performed two-week samplings every month, using different methodologies that differed greatly in efficiency. We found 17 species of snakes in the study area (4 families, 14 genera) and found a record of an additional one in the literature. Based on specimens deposited in scientific collections and records in the literature, seven additional species occur in the region. The information obtained in the field made possible a comparison of the different vegetation types regarding species composition, richness and abundance and of the use of resources by species. We also compared the community of Etá Farm with other snake communities from the Atlantic Forest regarding species composition and richness. The studied community showed the typical composition and richness of snake communities from the coastal lowlands of southeastern Brazil, with differences in the relative abundances in the different vegetation types. Beyond a clear influence of vegetation cover on species richness, climatic variables, especially minimum temperatures, had a marked influence on snake activity. Comparing the biological features of the species that make up the community, it became clear that most of them are phylogenetically conserved and, as observed in other Neotropical communities, there is a great overlap in resource use between species. The comparison of communities from throughout the Atlantic Forest (southern to northeastern Brazil) revealed in general a high beta diversity and a clear division into four regions. The results of this study have a great potential to help our understanding of the factors responsible for the structuring of Neotropical snake communities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Diversity, Resource use, Activity, Biogeography, Atlantic Forest, Diversidade, Utilização de recursos, Aatividade, Biogeografia, Mata Atlântica