Desenvolvimento da grama Tifton 419 submetida a distintos manejos de adubação e irrigação
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Data
2016-02-18
Autores
Silva, Tatiane Bortoletto Gomes da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Um gramado esportivo deve apresentar boa condição de jogo além de bom aspecto visual. O nutriente requerido em maior quantidade em gramados é o nitrogênio, portanto deve-se ter o conhecimento do manejo criterioso de sua aplicação, com a quantidade adequada e os melhores momentos para a adubação. Outro nutriente importante no manejo de gramados é o potássio que confere resistência ao estresse hídrico. O manejo adequado da irrigação mantém a umidade do solo, evitando que o gramado sofra com a deficiência hídrica e perca qualidade. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho obter recomendações técnicas para os manejos nutricional e hídrico da grama bermuda Tifton 419 (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis) utilizada nos gramados esportivos brasileiros, de forma a melhorar sua qualidade. O trabalho foi realizado no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – Unesp (Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). O gramado foi estudado nos períodos do outono e do inverno, com início em abril de 2015 e finalização em setembro de 2015. Estudou-se as seguintes características: concentração dos nutrientes no solo, massa de matéria seca das aparas, concentração de nutrientes na lâmina foliar das aparas, quantidade de nutrientes nas aparas, intensidade de cor verde, altura do gramado, tração do gramado e taxa de cobertura verde do gramado. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados composto por quatro repetições em esquema fatorial triplo, com quatro doses de nitrogênio, duas doses de potássio e duas frequências de irrigação. As doses de nitrogênio e potássio variaram de acordo com a estação do ano, no outono aplicou-se 28,1 kg N ha-1; 84,4 kg N ha-1; 140,6 kg N ha-1; 196,8 kg N ha-1; 28,1 kg K2O ha-1; 84,4 kg K2O ha-1 e no inverno aplicou-se 16,9 kg N ha-1; 50,6 kg N ha-1; 84,4 kg N ha-1; 118,1 kg N ha-1; 16,9 kg K2O ha-1; 50,6 kg K2O ha-1 (parceladas em três vezes). As frequências de irrigação foram: diária e a cada dois dias. A dose de nitrogênio de 562,5 kg ha-1ano-1 estimulou suficientemente o crescimento da parte aérea, porém, em detrimento do desenvolvimento das raízes e estolões. A dose de potássio de 112,5 kg ha-1ano-1 foi suficiente para o gramado e para não exaurir a quantidade de potássio no solo. As duas frequências de irrigação foram satisfatórias para manter o gramado verde.
A sport turfgrass must provide good visual appearance as well as good playing conditions. Nitrogen is the nutrient required in largest amounts on turfgrass and the adequate nitrogen fertilization may provide a good quality of sports field. Other important nutrient is the potassium that confer resistance to stress. The irrigation management keeps soil moisture avoiding that the turfgrass suffer with water stress and quality lost. The objective of this work was to determine technical recommendations for nutritional and irrigation managements of bermudagrass Tifton 419 (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis), used in Brazilian sports field in order to improve their quality. The research was conducted in Department of Soil and Environmental Resources of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – Unesp (Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). The turfgrass was studied during autumn and winter, beginning in April 2015 and finishing in September 2015. The following characteristics were studied: concentration of nutrients in the clipping, dry mass of clipping, the amount of nutrients in the clipping, dry mass of root and stolon, the turfgrass green color intensity, height of the turfgrass, rotational resistance and green cover rate. The experiment was set in randomized blocks design, with four replications, involving four nitrogen rates, two potassium rates and two irrigation frequency. The rates of nitrogen and potassium varied according to the season, in the autumn were applied 28,1 kg N ha-1; 84,4 kg N ha-1; 140,6 kg N ha-1; 196,8 kg N ha-1; 28,1 kg K2O ha-1; 84,4 kg K2O ha-1 and in the winter were applied 16,9 kg N ha-1; 50,6 kg N ha-1; 84,4 kg N ha-1; 118,1 kg N ha-1; 16,9 kg K2O ha-1; 50,6 kg K2O ha-1 (parcel three times). The frequency of irrigation was daily or each two days. Nitrogen rate of 562,5 kg ha-1year-1 stimulated growth of shoots over the stolon and root. Potassium rates didn’t show significantly different for any treatment evaluated, therefore the rate of 112,5 kg ha-1year-1 was sufficient. Both irrigation frequencies were satisfactory to maintain the turfgrass green.
A sport turfgrass must provide good visual appearance as well as good playing conditions. Nitrogen is the nutrient required in largest amounts on turfgrass and the adequate nitrogen fertilization may provide a good quality of sports field. Other important nutrient is the potassium that confer resistance to stress. The irrigation management keeps soil moisture avoiding that the turfgrass suffer with water stress and quality lost. The objective of this work was to determine technical recommendations for nutritional and irrigation managements of bermudagrass Tifton 419 (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis), used in Brazilian sports field in order to improve their quality. The research was conducted in Department of Soil and Environmental Resources of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – Unesp (Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). The turfgrass was studied during autumn and winter, beginning in April 2015 and finishing in September 2015. The following characteristics were studied: concentration of nutrients in the clipping, dry mass of clipping, the amount of nutrients in the clipping, dry mass of root and stolon, the turfgrass green color intensity, height of the turfgrass, rotational resistance and green cover rate. The experiment was set in randomized blocks design, with four replications, involving four nitrogen rates, two potassium rates and two irrigation frequency. The rates of nitrogen and potassium varied according to the season, in the autumn were applied 28,1 kg N ha-1; 84,4 kg N ha-1; 140,6 kg N ha-1; 196,8 kg N ha-1; 28,1 kg K2O ha-1; 84,4 kg K2O ha-1 and in the winter were applied 16,9 kg N ha-1; 50,6 kg N ha-1; 84,4 kg N ha-1; 118,1 kg N ha-1; 16,9 kg K2O ha-1; 50,6 kg K2O ha-1 (parcel three times). The frequency of irrigation was daily or each two days. Nitrogen rate of 562,5 kg ha-1year-1 stimulated growth of shoots over the stolon and root. Potassium rates didn’t show significantly different for any treatment evaluated, therefore the rate of 112,5 kg ha-1year-1 was sufficient. Both irrigation frequencies were satisfactory to maintain the turfgrass green.
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Palavras-chave
Grama bermuda, Gramado esportivo, Manejo nutricional, Irrigação automatizada, Bermudagrass, Sports field, Nutritional management