Produção e qualidade de silagens de sorgo em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária no cerrado de baixa altitude
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Data
2016-03-04
Autores
Cruz, Sanderley Simões da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os Sistemas Integrados de Produção Agropecuária tornam-se cada vez mais importantes, devido principalmente às dificuldades encontradas pelos pecuaristas em investir o capital na reforma das pastagens, e, dos agricultores, na recuperação do potencial produtivo das lavouras, no tocante a problemas relacionados à redução do teor de matéria orgânica do solo, ocorrência de pragas, doenças, nematoides e plantas daninhas. Nestes sistemas, a utilização de pastagens na entressafra pode servir como auxílio a estes entraves. Portanto, este trabalho de pesquisa objetivou determinar a produtividade e a qualidade de silagens de sorgo forrageiro em consórcio com a Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombaça e/ou guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan); e a produtividade e qualidade da pastagem de capim-marandu e capim-mombaça, após o consórcio com o sorgo no Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrófico típico argiloso na região de Cerrado de baixa altitude, no período de dois anos agrícolas (2013/2014 e 2014/2015). E ao final do experimento avaliar as alterações nos atributos químicos e físicos do solo, nas camadas de 0 a 0,10 m e de 0,10 a 0,20 m de profundidade, bem como analisar o desempenho econômico da produção das silagens de sorgo em consórcios com gramíneas tropicais e/ou guandu-anão em Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária durante o período de estudo. Os resultados demonstram que o consórcio do sorgo forrageiro com as gramíneas U. brizantha cv. Marandu, M. maximum cv. Mombaça e/ou guandu-anão no momento do primeiro corte foram viáveis para a produção de silagens tanto em quantidade como em qualidade bromatológica. O uso da rebrota do sorgo forrageiro em monocultivo ou em consórcio com a gramínea Marandu e guandu-anão, com Marandu, com guandu-anão apresentam-se como uma boa alternativa na produção de forragem para a produção de silagem de qualidade no período de entressafra. O cultivo da rebrota do sorgo com a gramínea M. maximum, mostrou-se pouco viável em termos produtivos. As gramíneas Marandu e Mombaça cultivadas no outono inverno após o consórcio com o sorgo, apresentaram baixa produtividade para ser usada para pastejo e consequentemente proporcionaram baixa cobertura do solo para o uso no sistema plantio direto. Os sistemas de consórcio do sorgo com Marandu, Mombaça e/ou guandu-anão apresentaram alta exportação de nutrientes do solo e mesmo com o tráfego de máquinas, alteraram positivamente as características químicas do solo, tornando todos os sistemas de cultivo opções viáveis para a produção de silagem de sorgo consorciado com gramíneas e guandu-anão para 2 cortes anuais. Os consórcios do sorgo
forrageiro com Marandu, Mombaça e/ou guandu-anão para produção de silagem e, posterior formação de pastagens foram economicamente viáveis.
Currently, integrated agricultural production systems become increasingly important, mainly due to difficulties encountered by farmers to invest capital in the reform of the pastures, and farmers in the recovery of the potential productive of crops, in respect of related problems in reducing the organic matter of soil, occurrence of pests, diseases, nematodes and weeds. In these systems, the use of pastures in the off season can serve as an aid to these barriers. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the productivity and quality of sorghum forage in consortium with Urochloabrizantha cv. Marandu, Megathyrsusmaximum cv. Mombaça and/or dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan); and productivity and quality Marandu and Mombaça grass pasture after the consortium with sorghum in the Integrated Agricultural Production System in a LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrófico típico argiloso soil in lowlying Cerrado region during the two agricultural years in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. At the end of the experiment was to evaluate changes in chemical and physical properties of soil, layer 0 to 0.10 m and 0.10 to 0.20 m deep and analyze the economic performance of the production of sorghum silage in consortia with tropical grasses and/or pigeon pea dwarf in Integrated Agricultural Production during the study period. The results demonstrate that the consortium of sorghum with the Marandu, Mombaça and/or pigeon pea dwarf at the first cut were viable for the production of silage both in quantity and in bromatological quality. As well as the use of regrowth of sorghum in monoculture, in consortium with Marandu and pigeon pea dwarf, with Marandu and with pigeon pea dwarf are presented as an good alternative in the production of animal feed to produce quality silage in the off-season. The cultivation of sorghum regrowth with the Mombaça, in this experiment, proved impractical in production prospects. Grasses Marandu and Mombaça grown in winter fall after the consortium with sorghum, showed low productivity to be used for grazing and hence provided low ground cover for use in no-till system. Sorghum consortium systems with Marandu, Mombaça and/or pigeon pea dwarf showed high export of soil nutrients, and even with the traffic machines, positively altered the chemical characteristics of the soil, making all farming systems viable options for the production of intercropped sorghum silage with grass and dwarf pigeon pea to two annual cuts. The consortia of sorghum with Marandu, Mombaça and/or dwarf pigeon pea for silage and later cattle pasture were economically viable.
Currently, integrated agricultural production systems become increasingly important, mainly due to difficulties encountered by farmers to invest capital in the reform of the pastures, and farmers in the recovery of the potential productive of crops, in respect of related problems in reducing the organic matter of soil, occurrence of pests, diseases, nematodes and weeds. In these systems, the use of pastures in the off season can serve as an aid to these barriers. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the productivity and quality of sorghum forage in consortium with Urochloabrizantha cv. Marandu, Megathyrsusmaximum cv. Mombaça and/or dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan); and productivity and quality Marandu and Mombaça grass pasture after the consortium with sorghum in the Integrated Agricultural Production System in a LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrófico típico argiloso soil in lowlying Cerrado region during the two agricultural years in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. At the end of the experiment was to evaluate changes in chemical and physical properties of soil, layer 0 to 0.10 m and 0.10 to 0.20 m deep and analyze the economic performance of the production of sorghum silage in consortia with tropical grasses and/or pigeon pea dwarf in Integrated Agricultural Production during the study period. The results demonstrate that the consortium of sorghum with the Marandu, Mombaça and/or pigeon pea dwarf at the first cut were viable for the production of silage both in quantity and in bromatological quality. As well as the use of regrowth of sorghum in monoculture, in consortium with Marandu and pigeon pea dwarf, with Marandu and with pigeon pea dwarf are presented as an good alternative in the production of animal feed to produce quality silage in the off-season. The cultivation of sorghum regrowth with the Mombaça, in this experiment, proved impractical in production prospects. Grasses Marandu and Mombaça grown in winter fall after the consortium with sorghum, showed low productivity to be used for grazing and hence provided low ground cover for use in no-till system. Sorghum consortium systems with Marandu, Mombaça and/or pigeon pea dwarf showed high export of soil nutrients, and even with the traffic machines, positively altered the chemical characteristics of the soil, making all farming systems viable options for the production of intercropped sorghum silage with grass and dwarf pigeon pea to two annual cuts. The consortia of sorghum with Marandu, Mombaça and/or dwarf pigeon pea for silage and later cattle pasture were economically viable.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistemas integrados, Sorghum bicolor, Gramíneas, Capim-marandu, Capim-mombaça, Integrated systems, Sorghum bicolor, Grasses, Marandu grass, Mombaça grass