Doses e modos de aplicação de Boro e adubação com Zinco na cultura do milho
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Data
2016-03-11
Autores
Nogueira, Lais Meneghini [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As deficiências de boro (B) e zinco (Zn) comumente ocorrem em solos de Cerrado. Por isso, para obtenção de maiores produtividades de milho é necessário entender melhor a interação desses elementos, como se existe efeito sinérgico ou antagônico na absorção destes micronutrientes do solo, tal como o modo de aplicação mais vantajoso (via solo ou foliar) e o efeito residual destas adubações. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de B aplicadas via solo e via foliar, ambos com ou sem adubação com Zn no solo sobre o estado nutricional, componentes de produção e produtividade do milho primavera/verão e o residual destas adubações via solo no milho outonal, em solo de Cerrado com baixo teor de boro. O experimento foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico em sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental dos dois experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo: com ou sem adubação via solo com 2 kg ha-1 de Zn, na forma de sulfato de zinco aplicados na ocasião da semeadura do milho primavera/verão; e 5 doses de B (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 kg ha-1 na semeadura do milho primavera/verão (experimento 1) ou 0, 170, 340, 510 e 680 g ha-1, que correspondem respectivamente, 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1% de ácido bórico na calda de pulverização aplicada via foliar na fase de pré-pendoamento do milho (experimento II). Após a colheita do milho primavera/verão, avaliou-se o residual destes tratamentos aplicados via solo no cultivo do milho outonal e foram aplicados novamente as doses de B via foliar no milho outonal, conforme mencionado anteriormente. A aplicação de Zn no solo propicia maiores teores de Zn no solo e B foliar no milho primavera/verão, independentemente da dose de B aplicada via foliar. Doses crescentes de B via foliar aumentam o teor de Zn nos grãos do milho primavera/verão, apenas quando não se adubou com Zn, e o teor de B foliar do milho outonal. A adubação com zinco no solo e o incremento das doses de boro tanto via solo como foliar não influenciam os componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos de milho primavera/verão e outonal, em solo argiloso de Cerrado com baixo teor de B.
Boron deficiencies (B) and zinc (Zn) commonly occur in Cerrado soils. Thus, for obtaining higher maize yields is necessary to better understand the interaction of these elements, as if exists synergistic or antagonistic effect on the absorption of these micronutrients in soil, such as the most advantageous mode of application (by soil or foliar) and the effect of these residual fertilizations. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of B rates applied to soil (experiment I) and foliar application (experiment II), both with or without Zn fertilization in the soil on nutritional status, yield components and grains yield of spring/summer maize and the residual of these fertilizations in the soil in the autumnal maize, in Cerrado soil with low boron content. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisol under notillage system. The experimental design of the two experiments was a randomized block with four replications, in a factorial 2 x 5, being: with or without soil fertilization with 2 kg ha-1 Zn, in the form of zinc sulfate applied on the occasion of sowing of spring/summer maize; and 5 doses of B (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg ha-1 applied at sowing of spring/summer maize (experiment 1) or 0, 170, 340, 510 and 680 g ha-1 , which correspond respectively, 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1% of boric acid in the spray solution applied by foliar in pre-tasseling of maize (experiment II)). After harvesting of the spring/summer maize was evaluated the residual of these treatments applied to the soil in the cultivation of autumnal maize and were applied again the B rates as foliar application in autumnal maize, as mentioned earlier. The application of Zn in soil propitiates higher contents of Zn in soil and B foliar in spring/summer maize, regardless of B rate applied as foliar application. Increasing B rates, as foliar application increase the Zn content in the grains of spring/summer maize, only without Zn fertilization, and the B leaf content of autumnal corn. The zinc fertilization in the soil and increasing boron rates in the soil and by foliar application not influence the production components and grains yield of spring/summer and autumnal maize, in clay soil of the Cerrado with low B content
Boron deficiencies (B) and zinc (Zn) commonly occur in Cerrado soils. Thus, for obtaining higher maize yields is necessary to better understand the interaction of these elements, as if exists synergistic or antagonistic effect on the absorption of these micronutrients in soil, such as the most advantageous mode of application (by soil or foliar) and the effect of these residual fertilizations. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of B rates applied to soil (experiment I) and foliar application (experiment II), both with or without Zn fertilization in the soil on nutritional status, yield components and grains yield of spring/summer maize and the residual of these fertilizations in the soil in the autumnal maize, in Cerrado soil with low boron content. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisol under notillage system. The experimental design of the two experiments was a randomized block with four replications, in a factorial 2 x 5, being: with or without soil fertilization with 2 kg ha-1 Zn, in the form of zinc sulfate applied on the occasion of sowing of spring/summer maize; and 5 doses of B (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg ha-1 applied at sowing of spring/summer maize (experiment 1) or 0, 170, 340, 510 and 680 g ha-1 , which correspond respectively, 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1% of boric acid in the spray solution applied by foliar in pre-tasseling of maize (experiment II)). After harvesting of the spring/summer maize was evaluated the residual of these treatments applied to the soil in the cultivation of autumnal maize and were applied again the B rates as foliar application in autumnal maize, as mentioned earlier. The application of Zn in soil propitiates higher contents of Zn in soil and B foliar in spring/summer maize, regardless of B rate applied as foliar application. Increasing B rates, as foliar application increase the Zn content in the grains of spring/summer maize, only without Zn fertilization, and the B leaf content of autumnal corn. The zinc fertilization in the soil and increasing boron rates in the soil and by foliar application not influence the production components and grains yield of spring/summer and autumnal maize, in clay soil of the Cerrado with low B content
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Palavras-chave
Zea mays L., Adubação borratada, Micronutrientes, Adubação foliar, Teores de nutrientes, Efeito residual, Zea mays L., Borated fertilizer, Micronutrients, Foliar fertilization, Residual effect, Nutrients contents