Plantas de cobertura, adubação nitrogenada e produção de sementes de feijoeiro
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-02-23
Autores
Pereira, Tatiane de Oliveira [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura do feijoeiro é uma das mais importantes do país, sendo que o feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é a espécie mais cultivada entre as demais do gênero Phaseolus. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi o de verificar o desempenho de cultivares de feijão sobre diferentes plantas de cobertura e doses de nitrogênio e verificar o efeitos sobre a produção e qualidade das sementes obtidas. Os cultivos das plantas de cobertura e do feijoeiro foram efetuados na área experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia, UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS). Os experimentos nos três anos foram conduzidos em duas etapas, a primeira com a implantação e manejo das plantas de cobertura, e a segunda com semeadura, manejo e colheita do feijoeiro em sistema plantio direto sobre a palhada das plantas de cobertura. As parcelas constaram de 6 linhas de 5m, sendo considerado como área útil as 4 linhas centrais a 0,5 m de cada extremidade. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: massa seca das plantas e determinação do teor e retorno potencial de nutrientes da massa seca das culturas de cobertura; massa seca da planta do feijoeiro; teor de nitrogênio da folha; componentes de produção (número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por planta, número de sementes por vagem, massa de 100 sementes e produtividade); qualidade fisiológica de sementes (teste de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e emergência em solo). Em função dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que: as coberturas do solo Urochloa brizantha e o consórcio Urochloa brizantha + Crotalária juncea proporcionaram grande quantidade de massa seca e ciclagem de nutrientes para o cultivo de feijoeiro em plantio direto; os três cultivares de feijoeiro apresentaram bom desempenho sobre as coberturas do solo, não se verificando efeito para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas; as doses de nitrogênio proporcionaram aumentos na massa seca de plantas, número de vagens por planta, massa de 100 sementes e produtividade do feijoeiro independente do cultivar, com dose ótima ao redor de 100 kg de N.ha-1; as doses de N promoveram melhoria da qualidade das sementes, tendo-se essa relação coma massa de sementes que foi maior nas maiores doses de N.
The bean crop is one of the most important in the country, and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most cultivated species among the other Phaseolus genus. Given the above, the objective of this study was to verify the performance of bean cultivars of different plant cover and nitrogen and check the effects on the production and quality of seeds obtained. Crops of coverage and bean plants were conducted in the experimental area of the Faculdade de Engenharia, UNESP - Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria (MS). The experiments in the three years were conducted in two stages, the first with the implementation and management of cover crops, and the second with planting, management and harvesting of the bean in no-tillage system on straw cover crops. The plots consisted of six lines of 5m, being treated as a business area of 4axis 0.5 m from each end. The following analyzes were performed: dry mass of plants and determination of the content and potential return of the dry mass of the cover crop nutrients; dry mass of bean plant; nitrogen content of the sheet; yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds and productivity); seed physiological quality (germination test, accelerated aging and emergency ground). Depending on the results it is concluded that: soil covers the Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa brizantha + consortium Crotalaria juncea provided large amount of dry matter and nutrient cycling to the bean crop in no-tillage; three bean cultivars performed well on the ground covers and there were no effect for the majority of variables; the nitrogen levels provided increases in dry weight of plants, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds and productivity of independent bean cultivar, with optimal dose around 100 kg N.ha-1; the doses of N promoted improvement of seed quality, taking the ratio eat seed mass was larger in higher doses of N.
The bean crop is one of the most important in the country, and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most cultivated species among the other Phaseolus genus. Given the above, the objective of this study was to verify the performance of bean cultivars of different plant cover and nitrogen and check the effects on the production and quality of seeds obtained. Crops of coverage and bean plants were conducted in the experimental area of the Faculdade de Engenharia, UNESP - Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria (MS). The experiments in the three years were conducted in two stages, the first with the implementation and management of cover crops, and the second with planting, management and harvesting of the bean in no-tillage system on straw cover crops. The plots consisted of six lines of 5m, being treated as a business area of 4axis 0.5 m from each end. The following analyzes were performed: dry mass of plants and determination of the content and potential return of the dry mass of the cover crop nutrients; dry mass of bean plant; nitrogen content of the sheet; yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds and productivity); seed physiological quality (germination test, accelerated aging and emergency ground). Depending on the results it is concluded that: soil covers the Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa brizantha + consortium Crotalaria juncea provided large amount of dry matter and nutrient cycling to the bean crop in no-tillage; three bean cultivars performed well on the ground covers and there were no effect for the majority of variables; the nitrogen levels provided increases in dry weight of plants, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds and productivity of independent bean cultivar, with optimal dose around 100 kg N.ha-1; the doses of N promoted improvement of seed quality, taking the ratio eat seed mass was larger in higher doses of N.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantio direto, Nitrogênio, Urochloa, Crotalária