Inter-relação de Meloidogyne enterolobii e Pratylenchus brachyurus em variedades de goiabeiras
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Data
2016-04-28
Autores
Pereira, Kerly Cristina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) tem um grave problema com o nematoide de galha Meloidogyne enterolobii, que leva a perdas significativas e inviabiliza pomares, levando os produtores a cultivar as áreas com outras culturas. Na literatura, encontram-se trabalhos acerca dos nematoides na cultura da goiabeira principalmente quando se trata de M. enterolobii, entretanto, até o momento não se registrou estudos solucionando os problemas com os nematoides e as variedades de goiabeira. Diante disto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) Avaliar o desenvolvimento das variedades de goiabeiras Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XXI e Tailandesa quando parasitadas por M. enterolobii, b) avaliar a reação de variedades de goiabeiras Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XXI e Tailandesa à Pratylenchus brachyurus, c) Estudar a flutuação populacional de M.enterolobii em goiabeira Paluma, d) Avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo das goiabeiras Tailandesa e Paluma em formação sob quatro níveis crescentes de inóculo de M. enterolobii. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação. O primeiro experimento demonstrou que todas as variedades testadas foram suscetíveis ao nematoide M. enterolobii e somente a variedade Tailandesa foi mais tolerante. O segundo experimento demonstrou que as goiabeiras Pedro Sato, Século XXI e Tailandesa não são boas hospedeiras uma vez que não multiplicam P. brachyurus, todavia, a Paluma foi boa hospedeira pois multiplicou o nematoide. No terceiro experimento, os maiores níveis da população de M. enterolobii nas raízes e no solo de goiabeira foram observados nos meses com menores precipitações pluviométricas e temperaturas amenas (outono e inverno), enquanto que os menores níveis ocorreram nos meses com maiores precipitações pluviométricas e temperaturas maiores (primavera e verão). E por fim, no quarto experimento, observou-se que tanto as características biométricas, quanto os nematoides foram afetados com o aumento do nível de inóculo aplicado nas plantas de Paluma e Tailandesa, embora a variedade Tailandesa tenha demonstrado ser mais tolerante
The Guava tree (Psidium guajava L.) is seriously affected by root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii. This specie leads to significant yield losses on field and prevents orchards. Because of nematode damage the growers use to cultivate the area with other crops. In literature, there are some studies about rootknot nematode in guava tree mainly when they refer to M. enterolobii. However, there is not any result discussing how to solve the problems caused by root-knot nematodes considering the use of guava varieties. The objectives of this study were: a) evaluate the development of guava varieties Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XX1 and Tailandesa when infected by M. enterolobii b) evaluate the reaction of guava varieties Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XX1 and Tailandesa to lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus c) study the dynamics population of M.enterolobii to Paluma guava variety d) evaluate the vegetative growth of Tailandesa and Paluma guava varieties under four increasing levels of M. enterolobii inoculum. All those studies were conducted in greenhouse. One first experiment all the varieties tested were susceptible to root-knot nematode M. enterolobii and only Tailandesa variety was more tolerant. On second experiment Paluma was considered good host for lesion nematode (P. brachyurus) multiplication while on the varieties Pedro Sato, Século XXI and Tailandesa were not good host. On third experiment, the highest levels of M. enterolobii found in guava roots and soil were observed in month’s witch there were less rainfall and mild temperatures (autumn and winter). The lowest levels occurred in the months when there were the highest rainfall and higher temperatures (spring and summer). On the last experiment, it was observed that the biometric characteristics and nematodes were affected when the inoculum level was increased in Paluma and Tailandesa varieties, although Tailandesa variety was more tolerant.
The Guava tree (Psidium guajava L.) is seriously affected by root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii. This specie leads to significant yield losses on field and prevents orchards. Because of nematode damage the growers use to cultivate the area with other crops. In literature, there are some studies about rootknot nematode in guava tree mainly when they refer to M. enterolobii. However, there is not any result discussing how to solve the problems caused by root-knot nematodes considering the use of guava varieties. The objectives of this study were: a) evaluate the development of guava varieties Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XX1 and Tailandesa when infected by M. enterolobii b) evaluate the reaction of guava varieties Paluma, Pedro Sato, Século XX1 and Tailandesa to lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus c) study the dynamics population of M.enterolobii to Paluma guava variety d) evaluate the vegetative growth of Tailandesa and Paluma guava varieties under four increasing levels of M. enterolobii inoculum. All those studies were conducted in greenhouse. One first experiment all the varieties tested were susceptible to root-knot nematode M. enterolobii and only Tailandesa variety was more tolerant. On second experiment Paluma was considered good host for lesion nematode (P. brachyurus) multiplication while on the varieties Pedro Sato, Século XXI and Tailandesa were not good host. On third experiment, the highest levels of M. enterolobii found in guava roots and soil were observed in month’s witch there were less rainfall and mild temperatures (autumn and winter). The lowest levels occurred in the months when there were the highest rainfall and higher temperatures (spring and summer). On the last experiment, it was observed that the biometric characteristics and nematodes were affected when the inoculum level was increased in Paluma and Tailandesa varieties, although Tailandesa variety was more tolerant.
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Palavras-chave
Dinâmica populacional, Nematoide das lesões radiculares, Nematoides de galha, Níveis de inóculo, Psidium guajava, Inoculum levels, Lesion nematode, Psidium guajava L., Population dynamics, Root-knot nematode