Coordenação gestual na produção de encontros consonantais em crianças com desenvolvimento de linguagem típico e atípico
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Data
2016-03-01
Autores
Vassoler, Aline Mara de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O padrão silábico CCV apresenta maior grau de complexidade articulatória se comparado a outros tipos silábicos (CV ou VC), contribuindo para sua aquisição mais tardia. Algumas crianças não conseguem adquirir o padrão CCV na idade esperada, reduzindo a sílaba CCV para CV. À luz da Fonologia Gestual (FonGest), a produção de sílabas CV envolve um padrão de coordenação mais estável entre os gestos articulatórios da C e de V, enquanto a produção de sílabas CCV envolve um padrão de coordenação gestual mais complexo e menos estável. As simplificações de CCV para CV estão associadas à sobreposição dos gestos adjacentes e/ou à redução da magnitude dos gestos. O objetivo foi investigar e descrever, à luz da FonGest, o padrão de coordenação gestual imbricado na produção dos padrões silábicos do tipo CCV versus CV de crianças típicos e atípicos. As hipóteses foram: H1 - a produção de CV e CCV das crianças típicas apresentariam diferentes medidas ultrassonográficas e acústica (duração); H2 - as medidas ultrassonográficas e acústica poderiam diferenciar a condição clínica das crianças; H3 - as crianças com produção atípica poderiam apresentar diferenças nas medidas ultrassonográficas e acústica na comparação da produção das sílabas CCV e CV, ainda que CCV tenha sido julgada auditivamente como CV. Dez crianças (cinco com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e cinco atípico) gravaram nove pares de palavras as sílabas: CCV e CV. As imagens e os áudios, capturados pelo programa Articulate Assistant Advanced, foram submetidos à análise oitiva, à análise acústica, ao julgamento qualitativo e quantitativo das imagens ultrassonográficas. A análise de oitiva e a análise qualitativa dos vídeos foram realizadas por três juízes especialistas. A análise quantitativa foi feita a partir da extração de medidas oriundas do contorno da língua: distância da ponta da língua (PL), da lâmina da língua (LL) e do dorso da língua (DL) até o limite inferior e medida da área correspondente entre a ponta e a lâmina da língua. Para normalizar as medidas ultrassonográficas absolutas relativas à distância, os valores foram transformados em medidas de razão. As medidas de duração e as medidas articulatórias foram analisadas pela ANOVA de medidas repetidas. A H1 foi corroborada parcialmente pelos parâmetros ultrassonográficos e acústicos, na medida em que as razões PL/LL, PL/DL e LL/DL e a duração diferenciaram o padrão silábico, indicando que as crianças típicas produzem a sílaba CCV diferente de CV. A H2 foi parcialmente confirmada pelas razões entre PL/DL e LL/DL e a medida de área entre a PL e LL, além disso, apresentaram valores superiores nas produções das crianças atípicas. A H3 também foi parcialmente corroborada pelas razões entre PL/DL e LL/DL e pela área entre a PL e DL, que diferenciaram as sílabas CCV e CV realizadas pelas crianças atípicas, ainda que suas produções de CCV tenham sido julgadas como CV. Os resultados articulatórios sugerem a presença de elevação da ponta da língua para produzir a tepe com magnitude reduzida e os achados acústicos sugerem a não sobreposição dos gestos na produção de CCV. Adicionalmente, no grupo de crianças atípicas, os resultados revelam a presença de gestos indiferenciados na produção de CCV.
The syllabic pattern CCV poses a higher level of articulatory complexity when compared to other syllabic types (CV or VC), which contributes to the delayed acquisition of CCV. Some children fail to acquire the CCV pattern at the expected age and reduce CCV to CV. From a Gestural Phonology perspective, the production of CV syllables involves a more stable coordination pattern among articulatory gestures for C and V, whereas the production of CCV syllables involves a more complex and less stable gestural coordination pattern. The simplifications of CCV to CV are associated with different degrees of overlap in the adjacent gestures and/or with the reduction of the magnitude of the gestures. The aim of this paper was investigate and describe, from a Gestural Phonology perspective, the CCV vs. CV syllabic patterns of typical and atypical children. The hypotheses were: H1 – the production of CV and CCV of atypical children would show different ultrasound and acoustic measures (duration); H2 – ultrasound and acoustic measures might differentiate children´s clinical condition; H3 – children with atypical production could show diferences in ultrasound and acoustic measures in the comparison of CCV and CV syllables, although CCV had been auditorily judged as CV. Ten children (five with typical phonological development and five atypical) recorded nine word pairs containing the syllables: CCV and CV. The images and the audio were captured by the software Articulate Assistant Advanced, and subjected to auditory-perceptual analysis, acoustic analysis, and qualitative and quantitative judgement of ultrasound images. Both the auditory-perceptual analysis and the acoustic analysis were performed by three expert judges. The qualitative analysis was carried out through the measures from the contour of the tongue: distance from the tip of the tongue (TT), from the tongue blade (TB) and from the tongue dorsum (TD) up to the inferior limit, and the area encompassing the tip and the blade. Aiming at normalizing the absolute ultrasound measures related to distance, these values were transformed into ratios. The duration and articulatory measures were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. H1 was partially corroborated by ultrasound and acoustic parameters, as long as the measure of the ratios TT/TB, TT/TD and TB/TD and the duration differentiated the syllabic pattern, showing that typical children produce CCV syllable differently from CV. H2 was partially confirmed by the ratios TT/TD and TB/TD and the measure of area between TT and TB. Furthermore, they showed higher values in the production of atypical children. H3 was also partially corroborated by the ratios TT/TD and TB/TD and by the area between TT and TD, which differentiated the CCV and CV syllables produced by atypical children, although the CCV productions had been judged as CV. The articulatory results suggest the presence of a tongue elevation so as to reduce tap with reduced magnitude and the acoustic findings suggest there is not a gestural overlap in the production of CCV. Additionally, in the atypical children group, the results reveal the presence of undifferentiated gestures in the CCV production.
The syllabic pattern CCV poses a higher level of articulatory complexity when compared to other syllabic types (CV or VC), which contributes to the delayed acquisition of CCV. Some children fail to acquire the CCV pattern at the expected age and reduce CCV to CV. From a Gestural Phonology perspective, the production of CV syllables involves a more stable coordination pattern among articulatory gestures for C and V, whereas the production of CCV syllables involves a more complex and less stable gestural coordination pattern. The simplifications of CCV to CV are associated with different degrees of overlap in the adjacent gestures and/or with the reduction of the magnitude of the gestures. The aim of this paper was investigate and describe, from a Gestural Phonology perspective, the CCV vs. CV syllabic patterns of typical and atypical children. The hypotheses were: H1 – the production of CV and CCV of atypical children would show different ultrasound and acoustic measures (duration); H2 – ultrasound and acoustic measures might differentiate children´s clinical condition; H3 – children with atypical production could show diferences in ultrasound and acoustic measures in the comparison of CCV and CV syllables, although CCV had been auditorily judged as CV. Ten children (five with typical phonological development and five atypical) recorded nine word pairs containing the syllables: CCV and CV. The images and the audio were captured by the software Articulate Assistant Advanced, and subjected to auditory-perceptual analysis, acoustic analysis, and qualitative and quantitative judgement of ultrasound images. Both the auditory-perceptual analysis and the acoustic analysis were performed by three expert judges. The qualitative analysis was carried out through the measures from the contour of the tongue: distance from the tip of the tongue (TT), from the tongue blade (TB) and from the tongue dorsum (TD) up to the inferior limit, and the area encompassing the tip and the blade. Aiming at normalizing the absolute ultrasound measures related to distance, these values were transformed into ratios. The duration and articulatory measures were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. H1 was partially corroborated by ultrasound and acoustic parameters, as long as the measure of the ratios TT/TB, TT/TD and TB/TD and the duration differentiated the syllabic pattern, showing that typical children produce CCV syllable differently from CV. H2 was partially confirmed by the ratios TT/TD and TB/TD and the measure of area between TT and TB. Furthermore, they showed higher values in the production of atypical children. H3 was also partially corroborated by the ratios TT/TD and TB/TD and by the area between TT and TD, which differentiated the CCV and CV syllables produced by atypical children, although the CCV productions had been judged as CV. The articulatory results suggest the presence of a tongue elevation so as to reduce tap with reduced magnitude and the acoustic findings suggest there is not a gestural overlap in the production of CCV. Additionally, in the atypical children group, the results reveal the presence of undifferentiated gestures in the CCV production.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Linguística, Fonoaudiologia, Aquisição de linguagem, Crianças, Linguagem, Linguagem infantil, Fonética, Fonologia, Português falado, Distúrbio de linguagem, Fala, Análise acústica, Análise articulatória, Ultrassonografia de língua, Phonetics, Articulatory Phonetics, Gestural Phonology, Phonology, Language acquisition