Estudo de caso sobre inclusão escolar: reflexões de uma professora da classe comum
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Data
2016-02-24
Autores
Bernardo, Juliana Henrique Silvério [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentre um rol de variáveis que interferem na qualidade da educação, a precária formação docente para atuar junto aos alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial tem sido apontada pela literatura da área da Educação Especial e de Educação como uma das questões que mais dificultam o processo de inclusão escolar. Tendo em vista essa máxima, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar um estudo de caso de inclusão escolar de uma aluna público-alvo da Educação Especial com deficiência intelectual e produzir conhecimentos e reflexões na forma de videodocumentário sobre a experiência de ser professor regente nessa situação. Para tanto realizamos uma pesquisa utilizando o método de estudo de caso. O material analisado foi constituído de gravações de vídeos e áudios, entrevistas semiestruturadas com diversos representantes da escola e com a avó paterna da aluna, além dos registros do diário de campo da professora, que neste estudo também é a pesquisadora participante. A partir dos procedimentos sistematizados de análise nos materiais selecionados, elencamos trechos das falas dos vídeos; das aulas com a professora/pesquisadora e dos participantes para a elaboração de um videodocumentário para o objetivo proposto; os quais foram organizados em 5 eixos temáticos: Práticas Pedagógicas (analisando a regência da professora da classe comum do ensino regular); Atendimento Educacional Especializado (o que é e de que forma acontece nas escolas); Gestão Democrática (observação da gestão para o processo de inclusão); Inclusão Escolar (quais os percalços deste processo) e Projeto Político Pedagógico (Formação de professores e gestão escolar). Observa-se pela análise do material coletado, que o processo de inclusão escolar ainda permanece aquém dos parâmetros estabelecidos nas legislações vigentes; constatamos nesta pesquisa um recorte da realidade do processo de inclusão com sugestivas falhas no planejamento e na prática docente para o atendimento aos alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial. Como produto final deste trabalho organizamos um Videodocumentário contendo reflexões sobre este processo. Concluímos que a inclusão escolar não está mais a margem das escolas públicas, ele é um processo complexo e gradativo, não se efetivará por imposição legal. Todavia, há que se planejar ações coletivas de formação continuada envolvendo a gestão escolar, os professores regentes e de educação especial, bem como as famílias. Ademais consideramos essencial políticas públicas que favoreçam a transformação desta escola que ainda é excludente, para uma escola que promova a aprendizagem de todos os alunos, ou seja, que de fato a educação seja de qualidade com equidade.
Among a list of variables that affect the quality of education, poor teacher training to work with Students of Special Education has been identified by the Special Education and Education literature as one of the issues that make the process of school inclusion more difficult. In view of this principle, this study aimed to analyze a school inclusion study case of a Special Education student with intellectual disabilities as well as to produce knowledge and reflections in the form of video documentary about the experience of being a classroom teacher in that situation. In order of that, we conducted a search using the case study method. The analyzed material consisted of video and audio recordings, semi-structured interviews with several representatives of the school and the paternal grandmother of the student, in addition to the records of the teacher`s field diary, who is also a participant researcher in this study. From the systematic procedures for examining selected materials, we selected excerpts from speeches of the videos, lessons with the teacher / researcher and participants for the development of a video documentary for the proposed goal, which was organized in five thematic areas: Pedagogical Practices (analyzing regency professor at common class); Educational Service Specialist (what it is and how it happens in schools); Democratic management (observation of management for inclusion process); School Inclusion (with the mishaps of this process) and Educational Policy Project (teacher training and school management). It is observed by the analysis of the collected material that the school inclusion process still remains below the set parameters in the current legislation, we found in this study a cut of the process of inclusion reality with suggestive failures in planning and teaching practice to meet the Special Education students. As a final product, a video documentary containing reflections on this process was organized. We conclude that school inclusion is no longer the margin of public schools, it is a complex and gradual process that does not become effective through legislation. However, it is necessary to plan collective actions of continuing education involving school management, school teachers and special education as well as families. Furthermore we consider public policies that favor the transformation of this school essential to a school that promotes learning for all students, which is truly an education with quality and equity.
Among a list of variables that affect the quality of education, poor teacher training to work with Students of Special Education has been identified by the Special Education and Education literature as one of the issues that make the process of school inclusion more difficult. In view of this principle, this study aimed to analyze a school inclusion study case of a Special Education student with intellectual disabilities as well as to produce knowledge and reflections in the form of video documentary about the experience of being a classroom teacher in that situation. In order of that, we conducted a search using the case study method. The analyzed material consisted of video and audio recordings, semi-structured interviews with several representatives of the school and the paternal grandmother of the student, in addition to the records of the teacher`s field diary, who is also a participant researcher in this study. From the systematic procedures for examining selected materials, we selected excerpts from speeches of the videos, lessons with the teacher / researcher and participants for the development of a video documentary for the proposed goal, which was organized in five thematic areas: Pedagogical Practices (analyzing regency professor at common class); Educational Service Specialist (what it is and how it happens in schools); Democratic management (observation of management for inclusion process); School Inclusion (with the mishaps of this process) and Educational Policy Project (teacher training and school management). It is observed by the analysis of the collected material that the school inclusion process still remains below the set parameters in the current legislation, we found in this study a cut of the process of inclusion reality with suggestive failures in planning and teaching practice to meet the Special Education students. As a final product, a video documentary containing reflections on this process was organized. We conclude that school inclusion is no longer the margin of public schools, it is a complex and gradual process that does not become effective through legislation. However, it is necessary to plan collective actions of continuing education involving school management, school teachers and special education as well as families. Furthermore we consider public policies that favor the transformation of this school essential to a school that promotes learning for all students, which is truly an education with quality and equity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Inclusão escolar, Ensino fundamental, Classe comum do ensino regular, Deficiência intelectual, Docência, School inclusion, Elementary school, Common class education, Intellectual disability, Teaching