Os "inimigos" e os "cidadãos" da República: direito penal e controle social (Franca, 1890-1902)
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Data
2016-06-23
Autores
Donadeli, Paulo Henrique Miotto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo faz uma análise historiográfica do início da República enfocando a criação e a antecipação da vigência do Código Penal de 1890, como instrumento de um projeto de poder de um regime autoritário, imposto em nome de uma modernidade liberal, que sequer era capaz de transpor os limites de um pensamento oligárquico conservador. O objetivo da tese é confrontar a ação repressora do Estado nos processos de crimes contra a segurança interna da República, com a garantia constitucional do Habeas Corpus, que estabelecia limites ao poder punitivo, corrigindo as ilegalidades e abusos de poder das autoridades republicanas, como indicativo de uma nascente cidadania. A tese defende que as elites republicanas, sem qualquer preocupação de ampliar as bases de legitimação do novo regime e expandir as garantias civis, buscaram realizar o controle social, taxando de inimigos perigosos os cidadãos que desrespeitavam o poder da autoridade e a ordem política e social instituída. Por meio do método quantitativo e qualitativo em história, o estudo utilizou como fontes de pesquisa os processos remanescentes do 1º Ofício Criminal da Comarca de Franca existente no Arquivo Histórico Municipal "Capitão Hipólito", no período de 1890 a 1902, visando à compreensão dos conflitos judiciais envolvendo a autoridade e o cidadão em Franca, no momento de novas configurações sociais resultantes da expansão da economia cafeeira, da chegada da ferrovia, da modernização da cidade e do crescimento populacional urbano.
This study is a historiographical analysis related to the Republic beginning focused on the creation and anticipation of the 1890‘s Penal Code execution, as an instrument of a power project of an authoritarian regime, imposed in reason of a liberal modernity, which was not even able to transpose the limits of a conservative oligarchic. This thesis aims to confront the State‘s repressive action in juridical processes of crimes against the Republic internal security, with the constitutional guarantee of habeas corpus, which limited the State‘s punitive power, correcting illegalities and abuses of power of the republican authorities as indicative of an emergent citizenship. The thesis argues that the Republican elite, without any estimation of expanding the new regime legitimacy bases and expand civil guarantees, sought to achieve social control, calling the citizens who disregarded the power of authority and the political and social order established as dangerous enemies. Through quantitative and qualitative methods in History, this study used as research sources the remaining processes of the 1st Criminal Office of Juridical District of Franca existing in the Municipal Historical Archives "Captain Hipolito" since 1890 to 1902. This study allowed the understanding of conflicts involving judicial authority and the citizen in Franca city in that time of new social relationships resulting from the expansion of the coffee economy, the arrival of the railroad, the modernization of the city and the urban population growth.
This study is a historiographical analysis related to the Republic beginning focused on the creation and anticipation of the 1890‘s Penal Code execution, as an instrument of a power project of an authoritarian regime, imposed in reason of a liberal modernity, which was not even able to transpose the limits of a conservative oligarchic. This thesis aims to confront the State‘s repressive action in juridical processes of crimes against the Republic internal security, with the constitutional guarantee of habeas corpus, which limited the State‘s punitive power, correcting illegalities and abuses of power of the republican authorities as indicative of an emergent citizenship. The thesis argues that the Republican elite, without any estimation of expanding the new regime legitimacy bases and expand civil guarantees, sought to achieve social control, calling the citizens who disregarded the power of authority and the political and social order established as dangerous enemies. Through quantitative and qualitative methods in History, this study used as research sources the remaining processes of the 1st Criminal Office of Juridical District of Franca existing in the Municipal Historical Archives "Captain Hipolito" since 1890 to 1902. This study allowed the understanding of conflicts involving judicial authority and the citizen in Franca city in that time of new social relationships resulting from the expansion of the coffee economy, the arrival of the railroad, the modernization of the city and the urban population growth.
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Palavras-chave
República, Direito penal, Controle social, Modernização, Cidadania, Criminal law, Social control, Modernization, Citizenship