Estudo dos limites de inflamabilidade de hidrocarbonetos e álcoois em misturas combustível–ar e combustível–diluente–ar
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Data
2016-07-01
Autores
Zevallos, Andrés Mendiburu [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho é um estudo dos limites de inflamabilidade em ar de compostos que apresentam carbono e hidrogênio na sua molécula; e, de compostos que apresentam carbono, hidrogênio e oxigênio na sua molécula, chamados de compostos C–H e C–H–O, respectivamente. Os limites de inflamabilidade são de importância para a operação com segurança de uma grande variedade de processos industriais. Os limites dependem de diferentes variáveis como a temperatura inicial da mistura, a pressão inicial da mistura e a presença de diluentes, entre outros. Foram desenvolvidos métodos para determinar os limites de inflamabilidade em ar e na pressão atmosférica para três configurações: (a) quando a mistura combustível–ar se encontra na temperatura de referência; (b) quando a mistura combustível–ar se encontra a diferentes temperaturas e, (c) para misturas combustível–diluente–ar na temperatura de referência. Todos os métodos demonstraram exatidão na comparação com dados experimentais. Os limites de inflamabilidade de misturas de dois ou mais compostos inflamáveis em ar, são determinados aplicando a Lei de Le Chatelier. É apresentada uma dedução original para a dita Lei, assim como a sua validação. A Lei de Le Chatelier apresenta bons resultados para os limites inferiores de inflamabilidade. Os limites de inflamabilidade do etanol anidro e hidratado foram determinados experimentalmente a baixas temperaturas e pressões de 100, 80, 60, 40 e 20 kPa. Obtiveram-se equações empíricas para determinar os limites de inflamabilidade do etanol a diferentes temperaturas e pressões iniciais da sua mistura com ar.
The present work is a study of the flammability limits in air of compounds which have carbon and hydrogen in their molecules; and, of compounds which have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in their molecules, called C–H and C–H–O compounds, respectively. The flammability limits are of importance for the safety operation of a great variety of industrial processes. The limits depend upon different variables such as the initial temperature of the mixture, the initial pressure of the mixture and the presence of diluents, among others. Methods for the determination of the flammability limits in air at atmospheric pressure were developed for three different configurations: (a) when the fuel–air mixture is at the reference temperature; (b) when the fuel–air mixture is at different temperatures and, (c) for fuel–diluent–air mixtures at the reference temperature. All the methods showed to be accurate when compared with experimental data. The flammability limits of mixtures of two or more flammable compounds in air, are determined by the Law of Le Chatelier. An original deduction of that Law is presented, as well as its validation. The Law of Le Chatelier presents accurate results for the lower flammability limits. The flammability limits of anhydrous and hydrated ethanol were experimentally determined at low temperatures and at pressures of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20 kPa. Empirical equations were obtained for the determination of the flammability limit of ethanol at different initial temperatures and pressures in air.
The present work is a study of the flammability limits in air of compounds which have carbon and hydrogen in their molecules; and, of compounds which have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in their molecules, called C–H and C–H–O compounds, respectively. The flammability limits are of importance for the safety operation of a great variety of industrial processes. The limits depend upon different variables such as the initial temperature of the mixture, the initial pressure of the mixture and the presence of diluents, among others. Methods for the determination of the flammability limits in air at atmospheric pressure were developed for three different configurations: (a) when the fuel–air mixture is at the reference temperature; (b) when the fuel–air mixture is at different temperatures and, (c) for fuel–diluent–air mixtures at the reference temperature. All the methods showed to be accurate when compared with experimental data. The flammability limits of mixtures of two or more flammable compounds in air, are determined by the Law of Le Chatelier. An original deduction of that Law is presented, as well as its validation. The Law of Le Chatelier presents accurate results for the lower flammability limits. The flammability limits of anhydrous and hydrated ethanol were experimentally determined at low temperatures and at pressures of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20 kPa. Empirical equations were obtained for the determination of the flammability limit of ethanol at different initial temperatures and pressures in air.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Limites de Inflamabilidade, Diluentes, Etanol, Flammability Limits, Diluents, Ethanol