Sociedade do risco: novas formas de violência e os dilemas da cidadania: uma comparação entre Brasil e Estados Unidos
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Data
2016-05-16
Autores
Silva, Ana Paula [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A noção de que novas formas de violência despontam no momento pós-fordista e que passam a ser vinculadas ao dilaceramento da cidadania e diminuição da centralidade do trabalho na vida social é fundamental para este trabalho. Tal reflexão tem dois conceitos que proporcionam uma estrutura teórica para esta pesquisa, quais sejam: o novo paradigma da violência (WIEVIORKA, 2009, 2013) e violência difusa (TAVARES DOS SANTOS, 2004). O objeto escolhido para análise são formas de violência que se originam pela impossibilidade de conviver com o "outro", ou seja, contra grupos minoritários, tais como, homossexuais, negros, moradores de rua, mas também com a inabilidade para lidar com opinião, comportamentos, estilos de vida diferentes. Mais especificamente, estão inseridas neste quadro tanto as violências de ódio (hate crimes), quanto os rampage shootings, assim como violência banal motivada por desentendimentos cotidianos, que tem aumentado no Brasil na última década. A proposta principal deste trabalho é compreender de que maneira as formas de violência abordadas estão incluídas no novo paradigma da violência, que é explicado, em grande medida, pela dificuldade de agir politicamente face às mudanças materiais e ideológicas promovidas pelo capitalismo flexível. O objetivo mais específico é evidenciar no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos de que modo os respectivos processos nacionais de construção da cidadania ajudam a compreender os impasses existentes à efetivação de uma dimensão de liberdade ancorada nas premissas do autogoverno e da ação política democrática. Esta segunda dimensão de análise faz parte do estudo comparado proposto, que se estrutura através da análise dos dados sobre as violências e a correlação defendida entre os modelos de cidadania e tipos deste fenômeno social abordado.
The notion that new types of violence arise in the post-Fordist period and that they are associated to citizenship ruptures and to decreased centrality of work in social life is fundamental for this work. Such reflection include two concepts that provide a theoretical basis for this work, which are: the new violence paradigm (WIEVIORKA, 2009, 2013) and diffuse violence (TAVARES DOS SANTOS, 2004). The subjects chosen for analysis are forms of violence that emerge from the impossibility of living with "others", including the ones against minorities such as homosexuals, black people, homeless people, and also the ones related to the inability to deal with different opinions, behaviors, and lifestyles. More specifically, this framework includes hate crimes, rampage shootings, as well as violence motivated by unwise everyday misunderstandings, which has increased in Brazil in the last decade. The main goal of this work is to understand how the forms of violence addressed here are included in the new paradigm of violence, which is deeply explained by the difficulty of acting politically in face of the material and ideological changes promoted by flexible capitalism. The more specific objective is to highlight, in Brazil and the United States, in which ways the respective national processes of citizenship construction help understanding the existent impasses in regard of the effectuation of a dimension of freedom rooted in the premises of self-government and democratic political actions. This second dimension of the research is part of the comparative study that has been defined, which is strutured by the analysis of data on the types of violence and the correlation to be held between the models of citizenship and the types of this social phenomenon.
The notion that new types of violence arise in the post-Fordist period and that they are associated to citizenship ruptures and to decreased centrality of work in social life is fundamental for this work. Such reflection include two concepts that provide a theoretical basis for this work, which are: the new violence paradigm (WIEVIORKA, 2009, 2013) and diffuse violence (TAVARES DOS SANTOS, 2004). The subjects chosen for analysis are forms of violence that emerge from the impossibility of living with "others", including the ones against minorities such as homosexuals, black people, homeless people, and also the ones related to the inability to deal with different opinions, behaviors, and lifestyles. More specifically, this framework includes hate crimes, rampage shootings, as well as violence motivated by unwise everyday misunderstandings, which has increased in Brazil in the last decade. The main goal of this work is to understand how the forms of violence addressed here are included in the new paradigm of violence, which is deeply explained by the difficulty of acting politically in face of the material and ideological changes promoted by flexible capitalism. The more specific objective is to highlight, in Brazil and the United States, in which ways the respective national processes of citizenship construction help understanding the existent impasses in regard of the effectuation of a dimension of freedom rooted in the premises of self-government and democratic political actions. This second dimension of the research is part of the comparative study that has been defined, which is strutured by the analysis of data on the types of violence and the correlation to be held between the models of citizenship and the types of this social phenomenon.
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Palavras-chave
Novas formas de violência, Crise da Política, Brasil, Estados Unidos, New shapes of violence, Political crisis, United States of America, Brazil